<p>Hellesvere is a heritage-listed detached house at 436 Upper Roma Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It is also known as Eton. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hellesvere, a timber cottage on Upper Roma Street, was constructed in about 1877 for Francis Curnow who became Queensland&#39;s third Railway Commissioner.</p><br>
<p>The site of Hellesvere was part of a larger block acquired by land speculator, James Gibbon, in 1852. In 1875 when some of Gibbon&#39;s block was resumed for the construction of the Brisbane Terminal Railway Station (now Roma Street railway station) the remaining land was subdivided for sale.</p><br>
<p>By 25 August 1877 Francis Curnow who was an employee of the railway bought one of the allotments and it was on this land that Hellesvere was soon after built. Curnow arrived in Queensland in March 1860 from Cornwall in Britain and by 1866 settled in Ipswich as a railway storekeeper, a position made necessary by the opening of the Ipswich-Grandchester line. He was promoted in January 1877 to the position of Chief Clerk in the Railway Commissioner&#39;s Office, a position second only to that of the Commissioner. The offices for the staff of the Secretary for Railways in Queensland were established on the grounds of the original Brisbane Terminal Station at Roma Street, possibly in the early Brisbane Grammar School, resumed for railway purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1877 Curnow built Hellesvere, close to his place of work, on the block of land he bought from Gibbons. Hellesvere was a timber cottage with a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof containing an attic with dormer windows on the northern and southern sides.</p><br>
<p>In January 1884 Curnow was promoted to be the position of Acting Commissioner for Railways and in 1885 was again promoted to the position of Commissioner for Railways. Curnow was the third person to hold this position, superseding Arthur Orpen Herbert who became the Under-Secretary of Railways in 1885.</p><br>
<p>During the time of Curnow&#39;s employment as Commissioner of Railways, the Railways Act (1888) was introduced to create a Board of Commissioners to oversee decision making in the railways, particularly in the employment of staff. The appointment of the Board of Commissioners in 1889 prompted Francis Curnow to retire from the railways with a pension of £500.</p><br>
<p>Early photographs of Hellesvere show that the house has been changed very little externally, simple timber balustrades have been removed from the sides of the northern (front) verandah and a similar balustrade has been removed from the rear. A room enclosed on the western end of the southern (rear) verandah. An early photograph shows a tree in the front yard similar to that extant now in the same place.</p><br>
<p>Hellesvere appears as the name of Curnows house from the 1885-1886 edition of the Queensland Post Office Directories. Hellesvere remained in the Curnow family until 1909 after Francis death in 1901. It was then sold to George Keal and then changed hands many until it became the property of John Dimitriou Architects. During its history Hellesvere has been used as a boarding house and as flats. In the 1930s, owner Mrs Curtis named it Eton and operated it as a boarding house. John Dimitriou Architects were responsible for the removal of more recent accretions and the reconstruction of some early details.</p><br>
<p>When describing the house in the 1982 publication, More Historic Homes of Brisbane, Ray Sumner states that the building "stands in a street of intact but mutilated old houses". Now, however, Upper Roma Street retains almost no small residences like Hellesvere, these houses have been replaced with large office and temporary accommodation boarding facilities. Hellesvere is therefore an important and rare remnant of what was an early residential street in inner-city Brisbane, containing such homes as Roma Villa and Highmead, the house of early pioneer Simeon Lord.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, Hellesvere was operated as Eton Hostels.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Hellesvere is a single storeyed timber residence with attic and partial basement situated on Upper Roma Street, overlooking, to the north, a railway cutting and beyond this Red Hill. The house now subsumes most of the block with a narrow driveway on the eastern side and a small parking lot to the south. Many early plants and trees survive around the building.</p><br>
<p>The building is generally a timber framed cottage clad with chamferboards which sits on a brick foundation and basement. Verandahs runs along the southern and northern elevations of the building. The pyramidal corrugated iron roof of Hellesvere is penetrated on the north and south elevations with dormer windows. A brick chimney stack with three flues also projects toward the western edge of the roof.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance facade, facing Roma Street to the south, is symmetrically arranged with a central doorway flanked by vertical sash windows. The verandah awning which is supported on pairs of stop-chamfered timber columns with decorative fretwork brackets, features a projecting triangular pediment infilled with fretwork emphasising the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The windows on the east and west sides of the building are shaded with corrugated iron clad timber framed hoods with vertical battened returns. The lower level of the western face of the building has two entrances&#39; a pair of French doors and a more recent single door.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building is arranged with rooms off a central hall, towards the rear of which is a timber boarded door leading to a timber stair with cantilevered treads providing access to the attic. The attic which comprises two rooms, separated by a half glazed door, has a raked ceiling following the roof line, projecting through which are the dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>Generally the interior has beaded timber boards for internal partitions, the external walls and attic ceiling are clad internally with beaded boards with an additional central bead. Toward the south of the house V-J timber boards are used for internal partitions. A door at the end of the hallway provides access to the rear, southern verandah.</p><br>
<p>The lower floor is accessed via a timber stair with cantilevered treads similar to the internal stair, and this stair is on the rear verandah. At the base of the stairs and running along the line of the first floor verandah is timber decking from which two doors are accessed to the lower floor. Though much internal re-arrangement is obvious on the lower floor an early brick oven recess is evident in what is now the boardroom.</p><br>
<h3>Process</h3><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Pursuant to the transitional provisions of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992, all buildings listed in the Schedule to the Heritage Buildings Protection Act 1990 were taken to be places entered provisionally in the Queensland Heritage Register. Hellesvere was transferred as a provisional entry to the Heritage Register on the basis that it was listed in the schedule to the Heritage Buildings Protection Act 1990. This decision was effective as from 21 August 1992, the date of proclamation of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992.</p><br>
<p>Further to the transitional provisions of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992, Hellesvere entered permanently in the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992, having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Francis Curnow, a distinguished employee of the Railway, built Hellesvere near his workplace at the first Brisbane terminal railway station which had been recently completed. Hellesvere is one of the very few extant nineteenth century buildings on or near Roma Street and provides evidence of the early residential nature of this area.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Hellesvere is one of the very few extant nineteenth century buildings on or near Roma Street and provides evidence of the early residential nature of this area.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good intact example of an 1870s Queensland house in the inner city, with a rare extant basement kitchen. Such houses were once commonly found in the city but are now rare.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good intact example of an 1870s Queensland house in the inner city, with a rare extant basement kitchen. Such houses were once commonly found in the city but are now rare.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic value as a well composed timber dwelling which is a landmark on Upper Roma Street as an early building with distinctive steeply pitched pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Hellesvere is important as the house of Francis Curnow, the third Railway Commissioner of Queensland, employed in the late nineteenth century when the expansion of the railway was the major force behind the development of the infant colony of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Governor Brann School is a historic school building on United States Route 1 in Cyr Plantation, Maine. It presently is used by the plantation as a polling station and meeting place. The school was named for Louis J. Brann, who was Governor of Maine at the time of its construction in 1934. It is the best-preserved of the community&#39;s former district school buildings; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brann School is set on the east side of United States Route 1, just south of its junction with Laplante Road. It is a small wood-frame structure with Craftsman styling. It is finished in wood shingles and has a hip roof. A shed-roof addition extends from the center of the northern facade. The main facade faces west, and is three bays wide, a pair of sash windows flanking the center entrance. The entrance is sheltered by a gable-roofed portico, supported by both large brackets and a pair of square posts. The porch roof, like that of the building, has exposed rafter ends in the Craftsman style. The interior of the main block is a single room, with small closets on either side of the entrance, and doorways leading the northern addition, which originally housed pit toilets. The interior is finished in tongue-and-groove woodwork with a chair rail.</p><br>
<p>Cyr Plantation was incorporated in 1870. The Governor Brann School, built in 1934, was the third built by the community for its third district. Due to declining population and school enrollment, the community closed three of its six schools in 1943, and the rest were closed in 1950, when its schools were consolidated with those of neighboring Van Buren. The design of this school was based on one of a series of plans developed by the Portland architectural firm Miller & Mayo pursuant to a state contract for designing model schools under a 1909 state law intended to improve the state&#39;s rural schools. This school building is one of a number of rural schools in the state built according to the same design.</p><br>
<p>The Pea Ridge Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic commercial center of Pea Ridge, Arkansas. It includes twelve buildings on Pickens Street between Greene and Davis Streets, and another seven on Curtis Street between Pike and Macintosh Streets. Of these nineteen commercial and civic buildings, thirteen are historically significant. Most of these are typical commercial buildings built between 1910 and 1930, although several date to the 1950s. Some businesses, such as Webb&#39;s Feed Store, have been in business since the early period of development, in their original premises. The town grew as an agricultural center serving first local apple growers, and then tomato growers after blight destroyed many apple orchards.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Col. Samuel W. Peel House is a historic house museum, also known as the Peel Mansion Museum, at 400 South Walton Boulevard in Bentonville, Arkansas. It is a two story stuccoed brick masonry structure, with a three-story hip-roofed tower at the center of its front facade. The house was built c. 1875 by Samuel W. Peel, a prominent local politician and businessman. After serving in the Confederate Army in the American Civil War, Peel studied law and practiced for many years in Bentonville. He served several terms in the United States Congress, and helped establish the First National Bank of Bentonville. Despite later alterations, the house is one of the finest Italianate mansions in the region.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The house is open for tours year-round, with a limited schedule in January and February.</p><br>
<p>The Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony was made up of a group of 22 samurai and one woman during the Boshin Civil War  in Japan preceding the Meiji Restoration. They are believed to be the first permanent Japanese settlement in North America and the only settlement by samurai outside of Japan. The group purchased land from Charles Graner family in the Gold Hill region after coming to San Francisco in 1869. Though the group was able to successfully show their produce during the 1869 California State Agricultural Fair in Sacramento and the 1870 Horticultural Fair in San Francisco, the farm as a Japanese colony only existed between 1869 and 1871.</p><br>
<p>Okei Ito, the first known Japanese woman to be buried on American soil, has her grave on the land. The Veerkamp family purchased the farm following the withdrawal of financial support from financier Matsudaira Katamori (1835–93). In 1969, the same year as the Japanese American centennial, Ronald Reagan, then governor of California, proclaimed the colony to be California Historical Landmark No. 815. The family preserved the heritage of the farm and Okeis grave for 137 years until the American River Conservancy purchased the land on November 1, 2010, and the National Park Service has placed the Wakamatsu Colony site on the National Register of Historic Places at a level of "national significance". American River Conservancy offers private and public tours of the property, including Okei Itos gravesite.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the early 17th century, Japan was under Shogunate rule and considered an isolated country. The only trade partners were primarily the Dutch. After 260 years, Commodore Matthew Perry forced trade ports to open for the United States (1853–54). By 1860, the previous cultural isolation and government was starting to disintegrate, separating the country into two groups: those who opposed the isolation and sought change and those who supported the isolation and shogunate rule.</p><br>
<p>Matsudaira Katamori, related by marriage to the ruling Tokugawa family, was a Daimyo of the Aizu Wakamatsu province (todays Fukushima Prefecture) and disagreed with the Tokugawa policy of isolation. Matsudaira subscribed to the political notion of "Eastern ethics and Western Science". Eventually tensions boiled over and the Boshin Civil War began. Being a Daimyo under the Tokugawa clan, 24-year-old Matsudaira was pushed by the Tokugawa shogunate to lead a campaign against the Satsuma (todays Kagoshima).The Satsuma, along with the forces of Choshu and Tosa, made up the Imperial Army who wanted to overthrow the current Shogunate and daimyo rule as they felt it was too weak to deal with foreign forces like the United States, who wanted to force trade. At the Battle of Aizu (1868), Matsudai&#39;s force of samurai was defeated by the larger number sent by the Emperor.</p><br>
<p>John Henry Schnell was an early member of the Prussian embassy. After coming to Japan, he was employed by Lord Matsudaira as an arms dealer for cannons and Gatling guns. During this time, Japan did not have any diplomatic treaties with Germany. Because of this, Schnell dealt with the Japanese by masquerading as a Dutch trader. John Schnell trained Matsudaira&#39;s samurai in the use of the firearms and samurai status as genre along with a Japanese name. This allowed him to marry a Japanese samurai class woman (Jou) which strengthened his ties to Japanese society.</p><br>
<p>Due to Matsudairas loss at Aizu, the daimyo was condemned to death. His surrender placed Schnell and his familys life in danger. Because of this, Schnell asked for funding from Matsudaira and commissioned the SS China to transport his family and 22 other samurai families to the United States. They took with them 50,000 three-year-old kuwa (mulberry trees) used for the cultivation of silk worms and six million tea seeds.</p><br>
<h2>Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm</h2><br>
<p>The Japanese immigrants arrived in San Francisco on May 20, 1869. They brought with them mulberry trees, silkworm cocoons, tea plant and bamboo shoots, cooking utensils, and swords. They caught the attention of the press, including the San Francisco Alta Daily News, who praised the Japanese work ethic. Unfortunately, the fates of him and his family are unknown as they did not return to California, leading the colonists to believe they were abandoned in the new world.</p><br>
<h2>Future of the colonists</h2><br>
<p>Many of the colonists dispersed following the perceived abandonment of John Henry Schnell and the purchase of the land by the Francis Veerkamp family in 1873. A handful stayed and many sold their possessions in order to survive. Some returned to Japan, while others settled elsewhere looking for work.</p><br>
<p>The fates of only three of the colonists are known for certain. Matsunosuke Sakurai stayed to work for the new landowners until his death in 1901. Masumizu Kuninosuke married an African/American Indian woman named Carrie Wilson in Coloma in 1877 and eventually moved to Sacramento where he lived until his death in 1915. There is still extensive family of Kuninosuke in the Sacramento area today. Finally, Okei Ito, who came to the Wakamatsu colony as a nursemaid for the Schnell family at age 17, also stayed in Gold Hill under the employment of the Veercamp family. Unfortunately, Okei&#39;s journey in the new world was short lived as she died two years later of illness at the age of 19. She is believed to be the first Japanese woman buried on American soil. Her grave can be found on a hill overlooking the Gold Trail School with a tombstone stating "In Memory of Okei, Died 1871. Aged 19 years. A Japanese Girl" in English on the front and in Japanese on the back. The tombstone seen on the site now is a replica of the original which has been taken down for preservation. There is also a replica of her gravestone in Aizu Wakamatsu, erected in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>American River Conservancy</h2><br>
<p>Though the Veerkamp family changed the purpose of the farm and for 125 years grazed cattle and operated a dairy farm, they worked to preserve remnants of the Japanese Colony. In the 1920s, there was an increase of interest in the former Japanese farm. Henry Taketa interviewed a 75-year-old Henry Veerkamp who was friends with Okei in his younger years. The attention led to an influx of Japanese Americans (now facing strict anti-alien laws) in 1924 coming to tend to Okeis gravesite and emphasized the colony as the beginning of Japanese immigration. The 1969 governor of California, future president Ronald Reagan, declared the Wakamatsu Tea and Silk farm to be California Historical Landmark No. 815. The year 1969 was designated by the Japanese American community to be the Japanese American Centennial. This designation drew the attendance of Matsudaira Ichiro (Matsudaira Katamoris grandson) and Japanese Consul General Shima Seiichi to the event supporting both the proclamation of Wakamatsu as a historical site, as well as the date of the centennial. A plaque was placed at the site then by the Parks and Recreation State Department in cooperation with JACL, El Dorado Historical Society and Friends of the Centennial Observance.</p><br>
<p>The Veerkamp family donated the original silk and gold-thread banner with the Tokugawa/Matsudaira lotus blossom crest along with a ceremonial dagger believed to have belonged to Jou Schnell (John Henry Schnell&#39;s wife) to the Marshall Gold State Historic Park in 2001. In 2007, a member of the family also found photographs taken of the colonists by the studio of Robert Miller in Placerville (1870) in an envelope. Later that year, the family appealed to the American River Conservancy (ARC) to ask for help in restoration of the Graner-Wakamatsu-Veerkamp farmhouse, providing public access and interpretation of the cultural history of the farm. The ARC purchased the site on November 1, 2010 for the appraised market value. Thanks to the efforts of Congressional District Representative Tom McClintock and USA Senator Barbara Boxer, there were bills introduced to the House and Senate to help the management of the ranch, which was registered at the level of "national significance" to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service. Due to the efforts of ARC and its project partners, the Wakamatsu site is now open to the public throughout the year for private and public tours of the historical sites on the property, festivals, and other scheduled events. The property is not a public park and is not open to the public except during scheduled events. Two small farms lease portions of the land and homes from the ARC and practice sustainable agriculture there, in keeping with the historical use of the land as a farm by both the Japanese colonists and the Veerkamp family.</p><br>
<p>Albert Park  air raid shelter is a heritage-listed former air raid shelter at Albert Park, Upper Albert Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Gibson Costello and built by Brisbane City Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council built the concrete shelter at the southern end of Albert Park as an air raid shelter in 1942.</p><br>
<p>On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War Two following the bombing of the American fleet at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. England and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. The Japanese first bombed Darwin on 19 February 1942 and 14,000 Australians were taken prisoner following the fall of Singapore. Plans to defend Australia from an anticipated Japanese invasion and to use Queensland as a support base for the conduct of the Pacific war were implemented quickly. Australian and American personnel poured into Queensland and urgently required a wide range of new buildings and facilities.</p><br>
<p>The population of Brisbane swelled dramatically. As it was the major city in Queensland, and the most northerly major population centre in Australia, military planning headquarters were set up in Brisbane, as were a number of important maintenance, communication, and supply facilities. General Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief of the Allied Forces, Southwest Pacific, was based in the AMP building at the corner of Queen Street and Edward Street in Brisbane, and General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander in Chief of the Australian Forces, used the recently constructed University of Queensland buildings at St Lucia. Brisbane was obviously a strategic target for bombing, and rapid action had to be taken to protect the population in the event of air raids.</p><br>
<p>The demand on materials, services and labour was enormous and military projects took precedence in their allocation. Heavy Anti-Aircraft batteries were built at Victoria Park, Hendra, Pinkenba, Fort Lytton, Hemmant and Balmoral, and coastal artillery batteries were established on Bribie and Moreton Islands. Before the war, Queensland had a small population and no heavy manufacturing industries. To help overcome these problems, some buildings were prefabricated and standard designs for many structures were used. Designs took into account the scarcity of skilled labour and of some materials.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council took responsibility for Air Raid Precautions activities, including establishing an Air Raid Warden system, firefighting systems and constructing air raid shelters. Aboveground salt water pipes were laid along city streets to aid in firefighting. On Christmas Eve, 1941, each Australian State&#39;s Emergency Committee issued instructions for government, private employers and private households to immediately start building shelters. Slit trenches were built in parks and schoolyards, windows were taped, and brownouts were applied to buildings.</p><br>
<p>In the Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1, gazetted 23 December 1941, Premier William Forgan Smith, with powers conferred by Regulation 35a, National Security (General) Regulations, ordered the Brisbane City Council to construct 200 public surface shelters in the city area. Work had already started on 15 December, and later another 75 shelters were ordered. However, only 235 air raid shelters were constructed, the building programme being 90% complete by June 1942. In addition, around three kilometres of covered trenches were constructed in public parks, in 13 projects, including 315 metres of concrete-pipe covered trench in the City Botanic Gardens, and 150m of the same in Victoria Park. It was believed that one person could be accommodated by each foot of trench. In addition to the public shelters, the Brisbane City Council also constructed shelters for leased wharves and council properties, including at the Stanley Wharf, Circular Quay Wharves 2,3 and 4, Norman Wharf, and Musgrave Wharf. Shelters were built under the Story Bridge, for Kangaroo Point shipbuilding workers, and five shelters were constructed on behalf of the Bureau of Industry at the Howard Smith Wharves.</p><br>
<p>The Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1 was applied statewide, and outside Brisbane another 24 Local Authorities in Queenslands coastal areas were ordered to produce surface or trench shelters for the public, to be built according to the Air Raid Shelter Code laid down in the Second Schedule of Order No.1. Initially, 20 of the Local Authorities were expected to construct a minimum total of 133 surface shelters, which were supposed to be able to withstand the blast of a 500-pound bomb bursting 50 feet away. Four other Local Authorities would only build trenches. However, after plans were amended, 23 Local Authorities outside Brisbane, excluding Thursday Island, ended up possessing a total of 129 public shelters: 123 surface and six underground. This effort had cost £56,596. Where Local Authorities were unwilling or unable to build the required number of code-compliant shelters, in some cases because they had already begun erecting other shelters, the Department of Public Works became responsible for the shelters construction. However, this led to problems when the Department tried to recoup half of the cost from the Local Authorities in question. Townsville, Toowoomba, Gladstone, and Ayr denied any liability for costs, and a Bill had to be passed in December 1942 to force their compliance. The Ayr Shire Council had claimed that the shelters would be death traps during an air raid.</p><br>
<p>Of the 235 surface shelters built in Brisbane for the public, 21 survive and are still owned by the Brisbane City Council. One of the shelters, on Queens Wharf Road, is a site-specific "special" variation of the standard pillbox design. It is listed in the Queensland Heritage Register as part of the entry for the porphyry retaining wall on William Street. The other 20 public shelters owned by the Brisbane City Council can be divided into three types of pillbox intended for conversion after the war: "park", "bus", and "bus (stone)". They were designed to serve as structures such as bus waiting shelters or shade structures for parks, with some or all of the perimeter blast walls to be removed, leaving the concrete slab roof, floor slab and piers. The reusable pillboxes were designed to hold 70 people, as were the non-reusable standard pillboxes.</p><br>
<p>Frank Gibson Costello, Brisbane City Council City Architect between 1941 and 1952, was responsible for the design of the surface air raid shelters, and his variants of the standard pillbox were designed to provide a post-war utility for at least part of the Council&#39;s shelter building programme. In an address delivered to the Constitutional Club in Brisbane on February 1942, Costello noted that "if the emergency for their use does not arise...(unused shelters)... remain in brick and concrete, in many cases having no further value and being a possible source of nuisance". He added that "I can assure you that wherever it is possible, without sacrificing the primary requirements of shelter from air attack, I have endeavoured in our Council buildings to so plan the shelters that they will fit into schemes of improvement which we hope will proceed immediately after the war".</p><br>
<p>Costello&#39;s work was characterised by the use of an architectural language inspired by the modern movement in architecture. This movement pursued the rational use of modern materials and principles of functionalist planning and established a visual aesthetic largely inspired by the machine. It was part of an architecture employing the language of vertical and horizontal volumes and planes, floating flat roofs, masses set against voids and monumentality. Though modest in scale and form, the design of the shelters is characteristic of work in this idiom. The reusable shelters were often sited under fig trees, to aid in camouflage.</p><br>
<p>The first of Costellos reusable designs is the pillbox with double- cantilevered roof slab, or "park" type shelter. In an original list of all the shelters constructed by the Brisbane City Council, these were simply labelled as "cantilever". They had four central piers supporting the roof slab, which allowed for the removal of the four blast walls after the war. There was an entrance at each end of the front wall, where an internal wall extended into the shelter. If the walls were made of brick, the shelters dimension was 409" by 133" by 86" high, and if concrete was used the dimensions were 40 by 126" by 86" high. The difference was due to the fact that the brick walls finished in line with the top of the roof slab, covering the fascia, whereas the concrete walls finished at the soffit of the roof slab, flush with the fascia. The minimum wall thickness for brick was set at 13.5", and 12" for concrete. The roof slab was intended to have at least four inches of concrete.</p><br>
<p>Of the 37 reusable shelters listed as being of the park type only 17 survive: one at Hefferan Park in Annerley; two at Albert Park (on the north and side souths); two at Wickham Park; one in Buranda Playground in Woolloongabba; two in Raymond Park (on the east and west sides) in Kangaroo Point; and one each at Kelvin Grove, Morningside, Nundah, Stones Corner, and Windsor. Four other shelters stand on East Street and Wickham Street in Fortitude Valley. Most are used as simple park shelters, as intended, but the shelter at Nundah has been modified as a toilet block, and the shelter at Kelvin Grove is used as a bus shelter (as distinct from those shelters in the next category, which were specifically designed as "bus" type shelters). About half of the surviving park shelters had concrete blast walls, while half used brick.</p><br>
<p>The second design was the pillbox with single-cantilevered roof slab, or "bus" type shelter, as it was called in the original Brisbane City Council list. These were designed so that the three brick blast walls could be removed after the war, leaving a concrete back wall and five brick piers at the front. Again, entrances were at each end of the front wall. Of the 19 "bus" types listed only two survive, at Newmarket and Newstead.</p><br>
<p>The third design was also a "bus" type shelter, but it was built with a stone rear wall, instead of concrete, and six stone piers were later added, instead of five brick piers. The three brick blast walls could be removed as normal. Two of these "colonnade" types were built — referred to in the Brisbane City Council list as "bus (stone)" — and only one survives, at King Edward Park.</p><br>
<p>Most of the Brisbane structures built for the war were removed at the end of World War Two. The saltwater mains, slit trenches, and sirens disappeared, as did the many standard pillboxes that had stood in the middle of the streets of the Central Business District. 156 standard pillboxes were built, but none of the surviving public shelters in Brisbane City Council ownership are of that design. Of the 21 special shelters, only the one on Queens Wharf Road survives. However, of Costellos 58 reusable public surface shelters, 20 have survived; the removal of their blast walls, as planned, had given them a renewed purpose. The workers shelters at the Story Bridge Hotel and Howard Smith Wharves also still exist.</p><br>
<p>The blast walls of the air raid shelter at Albert Park (South) were removed according to plan after World War Two, although evidence of the location of the walls is still visible. Seating has been introduced and a mosaic decoration has been applied to the south face of the north pier.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Albert Park (South) air raid shelter is a rectangular concrete structure comprising a heavy floor slab and a flat roof supported by concrete piers. The shelter stands on the footpath to the south corner of Albert Park within the boundary of Albert Park (now part of the Roma Street Parklands). It is flanked by decorative flowerbeds and accommodates a freestanding wooden seat with concrete legs in the northern bay. The shelter is unpainted, but a rainbow serpent mosaic design decorates the south face of the northern pier, and a rubbish-bin stand has been bolted to the northern part of the floor slab. There is evidence on the floor slab of the two entrances to Wickham Terrace.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Albert Park (South) Air Raid Shelter was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Albert Park (South) air raid shelter is important as a part of the Air Raid Precaution activities that were implemented for the defence of Brisbane during World War Two. Designed to afford protection to the civilian population of Brisbane in the event of air raid attacks or other emergencies, the air raid shelter located on the footpath to the south corner of Albert Park is important in demonstrating the impact of World War Two on the civilian population of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Although many air raid shelters were constructed during World War Two in Queensland, comparatively few survive. Also, there are not many types of structures built by the Brisbane City Council during World War Two, for wartime purposes, which survive.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The shelter&#39;s solid construction, rectangular shape, and its siting near a population concentration, demonstrate the principal characteristics of a World War Two Brisbane public air raid shelter.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The Albert Park (South) air raid shelter, now used as a shade shelter, demonstrates the secondary uses that were part of the original design intention. The shelter is a durable example of innovative design and use of concrete technology during World War Two.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The air raid shelter is important as an example of the wartime work of the City Architect&#39;s Office and particularly the work of City Architect F.G. Costello.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of St Michael in Enmore within the English county of Somerset dates mainly from the 15th century, however some of the fabric of the building from the 12th century, including an arched doorway, survives. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was restored in 1873 by Benjamin Ferrey.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Aisholt, Enmore, Goathurst, Nether Stowey, Over Stowey and Spaxton with Charlynch which falls within the archdeadery of Taunton.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church has a three bay north aisle, two bay chancel and a two bay nave accessed via the south doorway which was built around 1185. The heavy doorway dating from around 1185 is an ornately carved archway.</p><br>
<p>The three-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses and topped with a turret above the stairs. It contains six bells the oldest of which was cast in 1647 by William Purdue.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>Inside the church are a 13th-century octagonal font, and jacobean pulpit. There are also various chests ranging in date from the Middle Ages to the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>There are two helms from the family of William Malet who were the lords of the manor and Sheriffs of Somerset. These are believed to date from around 1620 so they would date from the time of John Malet. They were discovered when parts of Enmore Castle were demolished in 1833 and moved to the church.</p><br>
<h2>Churchyard</h2><br>
<p>In the churchyard is a 15th-century cross. The shaft is 1.5 m high, however the head of the cross is missing. The wall around the churchyard which separates it from Enmore Castle was probably built in the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The monuments include the Studdier, and Waterman family monuments. There are also some unidentified chest tombs. One dating from the early 18th century, and one from the 17th.</p><br>
<p>The Simonyspitzen are two mountain summits in the Venediger Group of the Austrian Central Alps. They lie within the High Tauern National Park on the border between the Austrian states of East Tyrol and Salzburg.</p><br>
<p>They were given their name at a meeting of the Austrian Alpine Club on 15 March 1865 at the request of cartographer, Franz Keil who wanted to honour the geographer and Alpine researcher, Friedrich Simony. The peaks were first climbed on 28 July 1871 by Stuttgarter alpinist, Theodor Harpprecht and mountain guide, Josef Schnell.</p><br>
<h2>Location and elevation</h2><br>
<p>According to official surveys by the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, the Western Simonyspitze (Westliche Simonyspitze, 47&deg;04&prime;21&Prime;N latitude, 12&deg;15&prime;36&Prime;E longitude) is the higher of the two tops at. The Eastern Simonyspitze (Östliche Simonyspitze, 47&deg;04&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 12&deg;16&prime;02&Prime;E longitude) to the northeast, reaches. According to other sources both peaks are.</p><br>
<p>To the north, on the Salzburg side, the mountains drop into the glacier of Krimmler Kees above the valley of Krimmler Achental. To the south (East Tyrol) the Simonykees flows into the Maurertal valley.</p><br>
<p>To the west, an arête runs across to the high Umbalköpfl and the 3,499-metre-high Dreiherrenspitze.Immediately to the southwest of the Western Simonyspitze is the 3,440-metre-high Simonyschneide (47&deg;04&prime;17.6&Prime;N latitude, 12&deg;15&prime;30.7&Prime;E longitude). It is often wrongly called the Western Simonyspitze. Likewise the 3,415-metre-high arête between the two Simonyspitzen is often described in many sources as the "Simonyschneid" or "Simonyschneide".</p><br>
<p>To the northeast the chain continues to the high Vorderer Maurerkeeskopf.</p><br>
<h2>Alpinism</h2><br>
<p>The firn-covered Eastern Simonyspitze is important from an mountaineering perspective, but is not often climbed. The normal route along the southeastern arête is rated as UIAA grade II. The start point for the roughly 4 hour ascent is the Essener-Rostocker Hut in the Maurertal valley. Other routes run up the south flank (II), east flank (III-), northeastern arête (III) and Western Hanging Glacier (Westlichen Hängegletscher, III+). The North Face (IV) is the most difficult climb and may also be reached via the Western Hanging Glacier from the Warnsdorfer Hut in the Krimmler Achental. The summit is also ascended in winter up the Simonykees as a ski tour.</p><br>
<p>The Western Simonyspitze is rarely visited; most alpinists only climb up to the Simonyschneide in front of it. The normal way runs from the southwest to the summit at grade II. Of climbing interest are the northwestern arêt, an ice tour from the Krimmler Kees, the North Face (combined terrain V-, 50°) and the ice climb up the North Face, at 65°, one of the steepest ice tours in the Venediger Group. Other genuine glacier climbs like the South Flank or the Northwestern Hanging Glacier (Nordwestliche Hängegletscher) are considered dangerous and frequently impassible. In winter the Simonyschneide to the southwest is a popular ski touring destination.</p><br>
<p>The crossing between the Western and Eastern Simonyspitze along a frequently corniced arête and the Harpprechtturm tower is assessed as grade III.</p><br>
<h2>Name and climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The name of the mountain was proposed in 1865 by the cartographer and topographer (Geoplastiker), Franz Keil, who named it after the geographer and alpine researcher, Friedrich Simony. Hitherto the Eastern Simonyspitze had frequently been wrongly called the Großer Geiger. Today, in addition to the feminine form of the name (Simonyspitze), the masculine versions also occur (i.e. Westlicher and Östlicher Simonyspitz) in German.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of both summits was achieved on 28 July 1871 by Theodor Harpprecht and Josef Schnell. They climbed up the present-day normal route to the Eastern Simonyspitze, crossed the linking arête and came down from the Western Simonyspitze over the South Flank. On 2 August that year they also made the first ascent of the Simonyschneide. Ludwig Purtscheller and Johann Grill, who first ascended the south flank (1881) and northeastern arête (1882) of the Eastern Simonyspitze, two more well-known alpinists were added to the climbing history of the Simonyspitzen.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Franklin Hart Farm, also known as Hidden Path, is a historic home and farm and national historic district located near Drake, Nash County, North Carolina. It includes a collection of well-preserved mid-19th to early-20th century dwellings and farm outbuildings. The main house was built about 1845, and is a two-story, three bay, single pile I-house with Federal / Greek Revival style design elements. The front facade features a two-tier portico carried by massive, unusual turned and banded columns. Also on the property are the contributing detached kitchen building , smokehouse, seven tobacco barns, corn crib, mule barn, packhouse, and seven tenant houses. The Hart family owned and farmed the land from about 1770 until 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Nashville Historic District is a national historic district located at Nashville, Nash County, North Carolina. It encompasses 142 contributing buildings and 3 contributing structures in the rural county seat of Nashville. The buildings primarily date between 1890 and 1930, and include notable examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Classical Revival style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Bissette-Cooley House and Nash County Courthouse. Other notable buildings include Joyners Recreation , Graphic Building , Baldy Batchelor Livery Stable , Weldons Department Store , Nashville Fire Department , Ricks-Strickland House , Squire Harper House , two metal-veneered "Lustron houses," Neville-Strickland House , Primitive Baptist Church, First Methodist Church , and former Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mount Mills Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Rocky Mount, Nash County, North Carolina. It encompasses 101 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in a historic mill village located at Rocky Mount. The buildings primarily date between about 1835 and 1948, and include notable examples of Greek Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style residential architecture. The district includes the buildings previously listed as Rocky Mount Mills and includes the Colonel Benjamin D. Battle House . Other notable buildings include the mill village community house  and a variety of one- and two-story frame mill worker houses.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Villa Place Historic District is a national historic district located at Rocky Mount, Nash County, North Carolina. It encompasses 321 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in a residential section of Rocky Mount. The buildings primarily date between about 1900 and 1950, and include notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style residential architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Machaven. Other notable buildings include the W.D. Cochran House , Mills-Watson House , Aladdin Homes Company "kit houses," the James Craig Braswell School , Draine Confectionary , and West End Grocery .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, with a boundary increase in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Spring Hope Historic District is a national historic district located at Spring Hope, Nash County, North Carolina. It encompasses 159 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the small railroad town of Spring Hope. The buildings primarily date to the 19th and early 20th century, and include notable examples of Late Victorian and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Dr. Hassell Brantley House. Other notable buildings include former Wilmington and Weldon railroad station, Bluford Brantley House, Sykes Seed Store, Spiveys General Merchandise, Citizens Bank , A. F. May gasoline station , Hills Auto Service , Spring Hope Cotton Seed Oil Company, Joseph J. Spivey House, Cone-Brantley House , Richardson-Chamblee House , and Morgan-Vestor House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The St. Nicholas Chapel is a historic Russian Orthodox church in the Alaska Native village of Nondalton, Alaska, United States. The congregation was established in 1896 at Old Nondalton, and its first building was constructed in that year. The current building dates to the 1920s, and was moved when the whole community of Nondalton moved to its present location. It is roughly rectangular in shape, measuring 37 x, with a truncated octagonal extension at the eastern end, where the altar is located. Most of the building is topped by a gable roof; the altar area is topped by a pyramidal section. The building has survived a number of fires that swept the community.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The William F. Norton House is a historic house at 1 Stanley Avenue in Kingfield, Maine. Built in 1900 by brothers William and Lavella Norton, it is a particularly elaborate example of Queen Anne architecture in a rural setting with a square tower believed to be unique in the state. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It now houses a restaurant and bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Norton House is set on the east side of Stanley Avenue, a residential side street just outside the village center of Kingfield. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a complex cross-gable configuration that includes a prominent three-story square tower with an elaborate woodwork parapet at the top. The building is finished in a combination of shingling (including decorative cut shingles at the higher levels) and clapboards, and rests on a granite foundation.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1900-01 by Lavella Norton, a master builder whose other local works include the Amos G. Winter House and Webster Hall. The interior woodwork was executed by Norton&#39;s brother William, and includes a molded oak arch, a multi-wood parquet floor in the dining room, and kitchen cabinetry and molding of birdseye maple.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a bed and breakfast inn and restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Hulls Cove High School is a historic former school building on Maine State Route 3 in the Hulls Cove village of Bar Harbor, Maine. It is locally distinctive for its architecture, having been designed by the firm of Andrews, Jacques & Rantoul, which was responsible for designing a number of Bar Harbor&#39;s large summer estates. The school was built in 1909 and was used until the 1940s, after which it was converted to a community center. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hulls Cove High School is set on the west side of Bar Harbor Road, a short way north of Hulls Cove and just south of the Church of Our Father. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, wood shingle siding, and a rubblestone foundation. The roof has flared eaves, a typical feature of Shingle style buildings designed by Andrews, Jacques & Rantoul. The main facade faces south, with a projecting central vestibule, whose doorway is flanked by fluted pilasters and topped by a fanlight window. Banks of sash windows line the main wall on either side, a feature repeated on the north side, where there is a brick chimney opposite the entrance. The building is topped by a square belfry with segmented-arch louvered openings, and a flared-eave pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>Hulls Cove was one of thirteen districts established by the town of Eden (later renamed Bar Harbor). The first school in the Hulls Cove district was built in 1863, funded by a native son. The present school building was built in 1909 to relieve crowding. It is not known how Andrews, Jacques & Rantoul came to be selected for its design. The school remained in use until the school system was consolidated in the 1940s, and now serves as a community center.</p><br>
<p>The Klockerin, formerly also called the Glockerin or Glocknerin, is a twin-peaked mountain in the Glockner Group on the ridge of Fuscher/Kapruner Kamm in the High Tauern, a range within the Central Alps in the Austrian state of Salzburg. Its southwest top  is high, its northeast top  has a height of. The two summits are about 240 metres apart. A prominent arête runs westwards; the west-northwestern arête is a short, but knife-edge ridge of rock. The Klockerin has a mighty Northwest Face which is 920 metres high and has a gradient of 54°. The mountain is geographically dominant compared with the southern and western neighbouring peaks. Especially from the west, where the Mooserboden Reservoir  lies, the Klockerin appears as a mighty massif. The mountain was first climbed on 18 September 1869 by German alpinist, Karl Hofmann, Prague merchant, Johann Stüdl and mountain guides, Thomas Groder and Josef Schnell from Kals am Großglockner.</p><br>
<p>Lilburn Cottages are a group of historic cottages part of Liburn Mansion, located in Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The cottages were located on an original 2500 acre land grant named the Valley of Owen. The gothic revival Lilburn mansion was built on College avenue for Baltimore foundry owner Richard Henry Hazelhurst in 1857. The original 20 acres site has been subdivided down to 8 acres with the guesthouse and carport outbuildings demolished. The site of the cottages was subdivided into a 6.75 acre parcel which allowed the portion of the historic Lilburn complex to fall outside of the Ellicott City Historic district development protections.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, owners Ronald and Gail Spahn allowed the Howard County Department of Fire and Rescue Services to burn the historic structures including the adjacent Lilburn (Hammond) Cottage and Grimes house prior to subdividing the property. Spahn&#39;s Autumn Development Corporation used Howard County slope stabilization legislation to help fund clearing the historic wooded site for single family homes. KB homes marketed the subdivision as Autumn Overlook.</p><br>
<p>Åkrafjorden is a fjord in Hordaland county, Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Etne and Kvinnherad. The 32 km long fjord reaches a maximum depth of 650 m. The fjord flows from the southern part of the Folgefonna National Park, draining the huge Folgefonna glacier. The fjord then flows to the southwest before emptying into the Skånevikfjorden near the village of Utåker. The Langfossen waterfall runs down the steep cliffs on the south side of the fjord, just west of Fjæra.</p><br>
<p>The village of Fjæra lies at the innermost end of the Åkrafjorden and the village of Åkra lies on the northern shore of the fjord, about mid-way through the fjord. The European route E134 highway runs along the southern shore of the fjord, and due to the steep mountainsides along the fjord, there are several long tunnels as part of the E134 highway that go through the mountains rather than along the shore. The tunnels include the Åkrafjord Tunnel, Fjæra Tunnel, and Markhus Tunnel.</p><br>
<p>South African War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at ANZAC Square, 228 Adelaide Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was sculpted by James Laurence Watts from 1912 to 1919. It is also known as Boer War Memorial and The Scout. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first overseas conflict in which colonial Queensland troops were involved occurred during Second Boer War (1899-1902) in South Africa. The Queensland Government despatched volunteer contingents of mounted infantrymen to the war to aid the forces of the British Commonwealth involved in the armed intervention. Eighty-nine Queenslanders died during the war. In the years after the war a public committee was established to erect a memorial to the fallen, but the funds raised were insufficient and the project lapsed.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 James Laurence Watts, a Brisbane sculptor, was commissioned to provide "an equestrian statue in bronze" for the South African Fallen Soldiers Memorial Committee. His commission was conditional on his final design being scrutinised by a panel representing "no less than four areas of expertise", which included art, veterinary surgery, architecture and soldiery. The statue, which depicts a fully equipped mounted trooper of the Queensland contingents to South African war, was sent to England to be bronzed, but the outbreak of World War I delayed its return. Watts meanwhile was also commissioned to provide another memorial in London to Queenslanders who died in South Africa.</p><br>
<p>Finally in 1919 the completed statue (known as The Scout) returned to Brisbane and was placed in a position of prominence atop the rise at the intersection of Turbot and Edward Streets, where it faced towards the City Botanic Gardens and dominated the street vista. The pedestal on which the statue sat was constructed by local firm Lowther & Sons. Queensland Governor, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams unveiled the memorial in December 1919. The African War Veterans Association of Queensland organised annual marches to the statue on 31 May, Anniversary Day, the anniversary of the signing of the peace Treaty of Vereeniging in South Africa. The marches were followed by commemorative services on the site.</p><br>
<p>After creation of Anzac Square in 1930, the African War Veterans Association made a number of approaches for the memorial to be moved to the square. This was done in early April 1939 in time for the Anzac Day ceremonies of that year, Lowther & Sons reassembling the pedestal.</p><br>
<p>The memorial still stands in Anzac Square, fronting Adelaide Street. In 1991 restoration work was carried out on behalf of the Returned Services League.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The life-size bronzed statue depicts a Queensland Mounted Infantryman. Uniform and accoutrements show meticulous attention to detail, such as the Queensland hat-badge and emu plumes affixed to the slouch hat, and even the horse on which the trooper sits marked with the Queensland Government "QG" brand.</p><br>
<p>On two sides of the trachyte pedestal large bronze plaques contain the names of the eighty-nine Queensland soldiers who lost their lives in the South African war.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>South African War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The South African War Memorial is significant as the only memorial in Brisbane dedicated to all members of the Queensland contingents who died during the South African conflict, and one of the few South African War memorials in the state. The Memorial reflects the strong parochial feeling still evident in post-Federation Queensland and of a continuing attachment to British Imperialism.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The South African War Memorial is significant as the only memorial in Brisbane dedicated to all members of the Queensland contingents who died during the South African conflict, and one of the few South African War memorials in the state.</p><br>
<p>The South African War Memorial is significant as a rare example of the work of Brisbane sculptor J L Watts and as part of a group of war memorials in Anzac Square which retain considerable significance to the public.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial reflects the strong parochial feeling still evident in post-Federation Queensland and of a continuing attachment to British Imperialism.</p><br>
<p>The South African War Memorial is significant as a rare example of the work of Brisbane sculptor J L Watts and as part of a group of war memorials in Anzac Square which retain considerable significance to the public.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The South African War Memorial is significant as a rare example of the work of Brisbane sculptor J L Watts and as part of a group of war memorials in Anzac Square which retain considerable significance to the public.</p><br>
<p>Acme Engineering Works is a heritage-listed workshop at 125 Margaret Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as the HB Sales Building. It was designed by Frank Longland and built in 1912 by George Edward Day. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed brick building was erected in the second half of 1912 for Smith and Balls&#39; Acme Engineering Works, on land acquired by Sarah Balls, widow, in the same year.</p><br>
<p>It was built during the period of expansion, rather than diversification, which characterised the rapidly growing Queensland economy from 1903 to 1914, and illustrates the continued early 20th century development of Frog&#39;s Hollow - the ground between George and Edward Streets, bounded on the west by Elizabeth Street and on the east by Alice Street - as a commercial and light-industrial precinct.</p><br>
<p>Low-lying and swampy, Frogs Hollow had been farmed by convict labour during the penal settlement of the 1820s and 1830s, and in the 1840s and 1850s was sparsely settled with cottages erected on the higher ground. In the busy post-Separation decades of the 1860s and 1870s, an ad hoc process of land filling was undertaken as Frogs Hollow became more densely populated by the working classes, and shophouses, house-workshops, small factories or workshops, boarding houses and hotels were erected. During the boom years of the 1880s, these residences and small workshops were replaced gradually with large and imposing commercial and industrial premises, as Frogs Hollow, conveniently located near the wharves along Eagle Street and Petrie Bight, emerged as Brisbanes principal light-industrial and warehousing precinct. Factories and workshops specialising in clothing, footwear, saddlery, furniture, building, printing, brewing, milling, confectionery or biscuit manufacture, coachmaking, ship- fitting and metal-working, as well as substantial importer and manufacturer warehousing, either were established or expanded. By the late 1880s, engineering and ironfounding firms were particularly prominent in the Edward-Alice-Margaret Street precinct, and included Smellie & Co. Smith, Forrester & Co. Harvey Sargeant & Co. and Overend & Co. Development of Frog&#39;s Hollow slowed during the Depression years of the 1890s, but resumed in the first two decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Smith and Balls 1912 engineering works contributed to this early 20th century consolidation of Frogs Hollow as a light-industrial precinct. Built next to Watson Brothers Building (1887), a Margaret Street plumbers, gasfitters and galvanised iron and lead works, the Acme Engineering Works was appropriately and conveniently located in the metal-working precinct concentrated around Alice, Margaret and lower Edward Streets.</p><br>
<p>Brisbane architect Frank Longland called tenders in June 1912 for the erection of brick premises in Margaret Street for the Acme Engineering Works. The successful tenderer was George Edward Day of New Farm. Longland, formerly an articled pupil of former colonial architect FDG Stanley, built up a small but successful architectural practice in Brisbane spanning the years 1893 to 1924. He was a Councillor of the Queensland Institute of Architects 1894-95, and was made a Fellow by 1913. Some of Longland&#39;s 1890s works have been identified - principally small commissions - and the Acme Engineering Works building in Margaret Street is one of his few known 20th century works to survive. He appears to have been a progressive architect who followed the latest in contemporary European architectural trends, his work ranging from the freestyle facade of the Acme Engineering Works (1912) to the restrained functionality of the 1918 Howes Brothers produce store at the corner of Petrie Terrace and Sexton Street. Of functionalist appearance in contrast to similar buildings of the period, the latter seems remarkably modern in outlook.</p><br>
<p>By 1913, Smith and Balls Acme Engineering Works, consulting and marine engineers, coppersmiths, brass and iron moulders, blacksmiths and general engineers, had occupied their Margaret Street building. Acme Engineering Works, managed by Alex J Smith, had operated previously from 37 Charlotte Street, and specialised in milk condenser work. Smith appears to have gone into partnership with Mrs Sarah Balls, of the Stock Exchange Hotel in Queen Street, to facilitate the move to Margaret Street. The firm ceased business, and in October that year title to the property was transferred to Charles Joshua Jeays, Arthur Vivian Jeays and Albert Frederick Jeays. Charles Joshua Jeays, builders and plumbers supplies, had occupied the site by 1930, and remained there until. After the Second World War, the building is understood to have been occupied by Gardiner Batteries, whose principal business was located in OReilly&#39;s Buildings, Margaret Street, just south of the former Acme Engineering Works. In 1958 HB Sales, a chemical wholesale company, occupied the building. The property passed out of the Jeays family in 1963, and Orb Holdings Pty Ltd acquired title in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The building was being used as a specialist internet cafe, The Hub, at the time of its heritage listing in 1999. By 2012, it was leased by a cycling store; however, it was vacant and for lease in October 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Adjoining Watson Brothers Building in Margaret Street, the Acme Engineering Works is a single-storeyed brick workshop with an early galvanised iron extension at the rear. The front freestyle facade is symmetrical around a wide central opening with flanking arched double-hung sash windows. All three openings in the front facade currently have individual canvas awnings. At each edge of the facade a pilaster extends up to the parapet. Situated on each pilaster is a downpipe whose rainwater head has the date 1912 cast onto it. Between the pilasters above the central opening is a plain rendered portion and above this the name HB SALES in raised lettering. The parapet has a raised centrepiece separated from the side pilasters by inverted semi-circular cut-outs. The centrepiece consists of a dentilled cornice supporting an unusual triangular pediment with a curved top, behind which a gable roof extends the length of the building. A water closet projects to one side at the rear of the brick building, behind which is the galvanised iron extension, extant by 1913.</p><br>
<p>Internally there is an early mezzanine level which has been extended toward the front of the building, with a new stair.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Acme Engineering Works was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Acme Engineering Works erected in 1912 during Queenslands first 20th century boom, is important in demonstrating the evolution of Frogs Hollow as the principal warehousing and light-industrial sector of Brisbane&#39;s central business district, which was sustained from the second half of the 19th century through to the early decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Acme Engineering Works demonstrates several rare aspects of Brisbane&#39;s cultural heritage, being a rare extant example of a light-industrial workshop surviving in the Brisbane central business district and one of the few identified 20th century works by Brisbane architect Frank Longland. The freestyle facade was, and remains, a rare design for an industrial building in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a small-scale brick Federation-era workshop, designed to impress, but with economy.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Acme Engineering Works is significant for its streetscape contribution to Margaret Street. The decorative freestyle facade remains intact, and although the face-brickwork has been painted, retains its aesthetic appeal.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 129 Margaret Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1887 to 1918. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This three-storeyed brick warehouse was constructed in 1887 for the successful Brisbane plumbing firm of Watson Brothers. It was designed by prominent Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, who in the 1880s and 1890s made a substantial contribution to Brisbane&#39;s central business district with his designs for commercial and industrial buildings such as shops, offices, hotels, warehouses and factories.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Plumbing and Gasfitting Company was established by George Watson, senior, a Glasgow plumber who migrated to Brisbane in 1862, and by the mid-1860s had established a small plumbing business in Albert Street. In 1880 George retired leaving his four sons: George Watson, junior, Thomas, James and John Douglas, to continue the business. By the mid-1880s the firm, now known as Watson Brothers, was well established as plumbers, gasfitters and galvanised iron and lead works, with workshops in Edward Street and stores and an office in Eagle Street. George Watson Jnr was soon to take a prominent role in Brisbane&#39;s civic affairs: he was an alderman on the Brisbane Municipal Council from 1891 to 1896, and Mayor of Brisbane 1892-93.</p><br>
<p>Queensland&#39;s economic "high" of the 1880s produced an unprecedented building boom, especially in Brisbane. Watson Brothers plumbing and sanitary supplies business flourished, and in late 1885 the brothers purchased land in Margaret Street to accommodate a larger warehouse and workshop. Importantly, the site remained central and was close to the wharves along Eagle Street and Petrie Bight.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers 1887 building was erected during a period of great change in the low-lying, swampy district of inner Brisbane known as Frogs Hollow - the ground between George and Edward Streets, bounded on the west by Elizabeth Street and on the east by Alice Street. The area was farmed by convict labour during the penal settlement of the 1820s and 1830s, and in the 1840s and 1850s was sparsely settled with cottages erected on the higher land. In the busy post-Separation decades of the 1860s and 1870s, an ad hoc process of land filling was undertaken as Frogs Hollow became more densely populated by the working classes, and shophouses, house-workshops, small factories or workshops, boarding houses and hotels were erected. During the boom years of the 1880s, these residences and small workshops were replaced gradually with large and imposing commercial and industrial premises, as Frogs Hollow, conveniently located near the wharves, emerged as Brisbanes principal light-industrial and warehousing precinct. Factories and workshops specialising in clothing, footwear, saddlery, furniture, building, printing, brewing, milling, confectionery or biscuit manufacture, coachmaking, ship-fitting and metal-working, as well as substantial importer and manufacturer warehousing, either were established or expanded. By the late 1880s, engineering and ironfounding firms were particularly prominent in the lower Edward, Alice and Margaret Streets precinct, and included Smellie & Co., Smith, Forrester & Co., Harvey Sargeant & Co., and Overend & Co. Watson Brothers incorporated a small workshop at the rear of their 1887 warehouse, which was appropriately located in the metal-working precinct of Frogs Hollow.</p><br>
<p>The Watson Brothers Building (1887), with its three storeys and ornate facade, was one of the more imposing of the Frogs Hollow warehouses. Similar warehouses/factories erected at this period included the 1887 speculative warehouse at the corner of Edward and Mary Streets (later Coal Board Building); Smellie & Co.s 1888-89 warehouse at the corner of Edward and Alice Streets (now Old Mineral House); and George Myers & Co.&#39;s warehouse (1889–90) in Edward Street (now the Metro Arts Theatre). Interestingly, all four were designed by architect Richard Gailey.</p><br>
<p>Gailey conducted a highly successful and prolific architectural practice in Brisbane for nearly 60 years, from 1865 until his death in 1924. While hotels were his speciality - he designed or modified over 30 in Brisbane alone in the period 1869-95 - he also designed a large number of substantial, often highly decorative, warehouses and office buildings, and contributed significantly to the re-building of Brisbane in the 1880s as a prosperous, late Victorian city.</p><br>
<p>Some of Gaileys other boom-era central city work survives, including the Tara House for the Irish Club (1877-1879) in Elizabeth Street; Colonial Mutual Life Building (1882–83) in Queen Street; Treasury Chambers (1885–86) in George and Elizabeth Streets (Elizabeth Street now a facade); and Finney Isles & Co.s (1887) store at the corner of Edward and Adelaide Streets. Some of his CBD buildings have survived as facades only: Telegraph Newspaper Company offices (1878) in Queen Street (now part of the Myer Centre facade); the former Allan and Stark Building (1881-82 & 1885) on the opposite side of Queen Street; and Hill&#39;s Buildings (1888–89) in Queen Street, Petrie Bight (later the Queensland Country Life Building).</p><br>
<p>Gailey was architect to the Bank of New South Wales, the Brisbane Grammar School (from 1882) and the Children&#39;s Hospital (from 1883). A staunch Baptist, he designed the Baptist City Tabernacle (1889–90) at the corner of Wickham Terrace and Upper Edward Street and numerous suburban (mostly non-conformist Protestant) churches. Some of his better-known Brisbane residential work includes the alterations and additions to Fernberg (1888–90) at Paddington (now Government House); and Moorlands (1892) at Toowong.</p><br>
<p>Gailey&#39;s work was not confined to Brisbane, and examples of his work survive throughout Queensland. He was a prolific designer, whose decorative detailing retains its popular appeal. He was also a successful businessman and property developer, took a keen interest in civic, church and benevolent affairs, served on numerous committees and boards, was a prominent freemason, and was a foundation vice-president of the Queensland Institute of Architects in 1889-90. Gailey was at the forefront of the re-development of Brisbane in the 1880s, and his significance cannot be underestimated.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers&#39; 1887 building was erected by contractors Smith and Balls (Henry Smith and John Irwin Balls), who had tendered with a price of £4500. When the provision and execution of the metal work by Watson Brothers was included, however, the actual cost of construction was over £6,000. When completed in October 1887, the building was described as a handsome three-storied pile, of brick with ornamental facade. It had a frontage of 66 feet to Margaret Street and a depth of 80 feet. The ground floor was divided into 3 sections:</p><br>
<p>warehousing space on the north side</p><br>
<p>a central carriage way which permitted wagons and carts to access the rear yard</p><br>
<p>offices, with a storeroom behind, on the south side</p><br>
<p>The second floor was partitioned by three masonry walls with archway access between, and served as showrooms. The third storey contained a single, undivided space utilised as the packing and unpacking department. There were three rear doors on the second and third levels, and American lifts were installed to permit goods to be hoisted to or from the back yard. A shed and workshop, fitted with machinery and racks, was located at the rear of the yard - (this structure was two-storeyed by 1918, and probably by 1913) - and along the northern wall of the yard were out-offices and a three-stalled stables. In October 1887, a month before they opened, Watson Brothers advertised half to two-thirds of the building for lease. In subsequent years the firm occupied the entire warehouse.</p><br>
<p>Despite serious flooding in 1893 and an economic depression in the 1890s, by the turn of the century Watson Brothers had emerged as Queensland&#39;s largest plumbing and sanitary engineering business. In 1907 a retail plumbing supply and general hardware branch store was opened in Queen Street, and in 1918 a new plumbing workshop was erected on land adjoining the rear of the Margaret Street property, facing Alice Street. During the First World War, Watson Brothers carried out plumbing alterations to 90% of all vessels converted to troopships in Queensland and sent tradesmen to Sydney for the same task; during the Second World War the firm provided equipment for Australian and American forces in Brisbane. The business remained a family enterprise until 1961 when it was forced into liquidation. The Margaret Street property was sold in 1963 to Margaret Street Holdings and transferred to Orb Holdings in 1978. During the early 1980s the building was occupied by the Queensland Ballet Company.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the former warehouse and central carriageway of the ground floor was used for car parking and the former ground floor offices was used as a cafe. The upper floors are divided into a number of small tenancies.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building is a three-storeyed brick warehouse with a rendered facade. It consists of three equal portions across. The ground floor section of the two northern portions have been removed for vehicular access, but dividing walls remain extending to the rear of the building. The surviving southern portion has three segmental arched openings. The left two openings are now recessed doorways and the other a window. Originally the most northern portion had a similar arrangement of openings while the central portion had a window to one side and large opening for carriage access to the rear. The pilasters to each side of the surviving southern ground floor portion are rendered to imitate stone coursework capped with mouldings and rosettes. Above this is a cornice with small dentils separating the upper two floors from the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The three portions are divided on the two upper levels by fluted giant order pilasters with ornate Corinthian capitals that include grotesque masks. The first floor windows have segmental arches and the ones on the top floor are semi-circular. The arches are embellished with hood and label mouldings and decorated key stones. These openings have balustrading in their lower portion. A line of rosettes between pilasters separates the two upper floors. The words "WATSON BROS. LIMITED" appear painted on the frieze below the parapet. Centred on the parapet of each portion is a closed-off arch below a small triangular pediment and flanked by florid scrolls. An open balustrade links these and other solid sections of parapet which support urns, visually separating the three distinct parts of the building at parapet level. The central archway contains the words "WATSONS 1887 BUILDINGS". The side and back walls are unpainted brickwork. No trace remains of an earlier post-supported street awning (extant by, but not part of the original design) with its curved corrugated iron roof and central archway.</p><br>
<p>On the side wall facing the laneway it is still possible to distinguish signwriting describing Watson&#39;s goods - hardware and plumbing supplies. The laneway provides a link across the city block and has a visual quality contributed to by the unrendered expanse of the side of the building. The rear elevation of the building is visually divided into three distinct portions relating to those of the front, each with a gable end. These have large central openings running through all levels and loading gantries located centrally above, although the central gantry has been removed. Smaller individual windows are situated to either side of each large opening on the upper two levels.</p><br>
<p>To the rear of the warehouse, and separated from it by an open courtyard, is a two storeyed building open to the north west. This timber framed structure is supported on all sides but the north west, on stone walls bounding the property line and in sections acting as retaining walls. These stone walls, of squared porphyry rubble laid in courses, are extended in height by two generations of brickwork additions which support the triangular timber trusses of the corrugated iron skillion roof.</p><br>
<p>The walls and concrete floor of the courtyard bear evidence of earlier buildings on this site through a series of recesses left by the removal of earlier timber framing members, likely to be from early stables on the site.</p><br>
<p>Internally, large open areas of timber flooring still exist, but some internal partitioning has been added. From the new vehicular access ways the timber joists and herring-bone strutting of the floor above can be clearly seen. Some evidence of closed-off arched openings exist in the dividing walls at ground floor level.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building is important in illustrating the rise to prominence of local Queensland manufacturing and enterprise during the 1880s boom period, and demonstrates the evolution of Frogs Hollow as the principal warehousing and light-industrial sector of Brisbanes central business district during the second half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The site includes a late 19th century yard and remnant evidence of the original stables and out-offices, and a workshop extant by, the survival of which in Brisbanes central business district is a now rare aspect of Queenslands cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an 1880s boom era warehouse with ornate detailing. It is one of a group of warehouses of similar scale and materials erected in Frog&#39;s Hollow during the late 1880s-early 1890s, which contribute to our understanding of late 19th century concerns with promoting commerce and industry through substantial and imposing building design.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Watson Brothers Building is significant for its streetscape contribution to Margaret Street in terms of the scale and rhythm of its facade, and the presence of a laneway exposing much of the northern side of the building. The highly decorative facade, intact above the ground floor, retains its aesthetic appeal.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant for its special association with local Brisbane plumbing firm Watson Brothers and its contribution to Queensland&#39;s building industry for nearly a century. The building is also a fine example of the commercial work of influential Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, whose Brisbane practice spanned nearly 6 decades and who made a particularly significant contribution to the Brisbane townscape in the 1880s and 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The Amos Gerald House is a historic house at 107 Main Street in Fairfield, Maine. Built c. 1910 by Maine businessman Amos Gerald, the house is notable both for its architecture, which is best described as resembling a medieval castle, and for its association with Gerald, who was a major proponent of electrification in the state, and who built many of the state&#39;s  trolley systems. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gerald House is set on the northwest side of Main Street (United States Route 201) on the fringe of Fairfield&#39;s central business district. It is a two story building with a prominent centrally-placed three-story round tower that has a crenellated parapet. The building is fashioned out of concrete blocks that are finished to resemble rusticated stone. Its roof is flat, and the main roof originally had a parapet similar to that of the tower. Surrounding the tower on the front is a single-story porch supported by thick columns, also fashioned out of concrete blocks, and sporting a crenellated parapet. A wood frame addition extends to the rear of the main block.</p><br>
<p>Amos Gerald (1841-1913) was born in nearby Benton, and settled in Fairfield in the 1860s after traveling to the American West. He is principally known for establishing more than a dozen electric trolley systems across the state of Maine, and establishing the state&#39;s first electric power plant in Fairfield in 1886. He supposedly personally supervised the fabrication of the concrete blocks that were used in building this house, which may be the first residential structure in the state built using that material. It is the only known house in the state with medieval castle features.</p><br>
<p>The house at 145–153 S Main St, Tucson, Arizona, officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Sosa–Carillo–Fremont House, is known locally for its association with John Charles Frémont, former Territorial Governor of Artizona.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally listed on the National Register as the John Charles Fremont, Casa del Gobernador, House in 1971, but the official listing name was later changed to Sosa–Carillo–Fremont House to better reflect the buildings association with several important families in the regions history.</p><br>
<p>The building is also known as the Carillo House, the Leopoldo Carrillo House, and the Carrillo–Frémont House. The building is now owned by the Arizona Historical Society and is operated as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Col. Charles and Mary Ann Jarvis Homestead is a historic house at 10 Surry Road in Ellsworth, Maine. Built in 1828, the house is architecturally significant as a fine example of transitional Federal-Greek Revival styling, based in part on the publications of Asher Benjamin. It is historically notable for its association with Charles Jarvis, a major landowner in the region. Jarvis was also an active participant in the military preparations of the bloodless Aroostook War, resulting from a long-running boundary dispute with neighboring New Brunswick. Jarvis daughter, Ann Francis Greely, was also Hancock Countys first female doctor, and a local activist for women&#39;s rights and temperance. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jarvis House is set on the southeast side of Surry Road (Maine State Route 172), a short way south of its junction with United States Route 1, just west of Ellsworth&#39;s central business district. Its main block is a roughly square wood frame structure, with a hip roof that is topped by a flat balustraded area at its center. A single-story hip-roof porch extends around three sides of this block, and a two-story gable-roof ell extends to the east side of the main block, with a further single-story addition at its end. The porch is supported by Tuscan columns, and has a modillioned cornice.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house follows a central hall plan. Its major public space is to the left of the hall, and consists of a large double parlor with sliding doors at its center. Design of this room is clearly drawn from Plate LIV of Asher Benjamins American Builders Companion. The dining room, to the right of the hall, is more richly detailed in its woodwork. The kitchen, located behind the dining room, has had a number of later alterations, including a butler&#39;s pantry and a German silver sink.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1828 by a builder from Castine. A number of its exterior features, including the wraparound porch, are Colonial Revival alterations made around the turn of the 20th century. The balustrade that is now atop the roof is not original. A carriage house, built c. 1914, replaced an older New England barn on the property.</p><br>
<p>Charles Jarvis (1788-1865) came to Maine around 1818 to manage extensive lands that his father had acquired, and was elected to the state legislature. Jarvis was in competition with John Black (whose nearby mansion is now a museum property), the land agent for William Bingham, the areas largest landowner. Jarvis married Blacks daughter Ann (over initial objections from her father) in 1820. Competition between the two men extended to disputes over the municipal boundaries of Ellsworth and Surry; Jarvis&#39; house was located in Surry when it was built.</p><br>
<p>When border tensions with neighboring New Brunswick flared in the 1830s, Jarvis is reported to have built the military road connecting Mattawamkeag and Houlton, the latter being a major staging point for the state militia that was organized because of the dispute. In 1839 Jarvis, commissioned a colonel in the state militia, led troops up to the mouth of the Aroostook River. The border dispute was resolved peacefully with the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty.</p><br>
<p>Jarvis daughter Ann was born here in 1831, and became one Hancock Countys first and most successful businesswomen. At twenty she purchased a local dry goods store, and in 1895 she was specially authorized by the state legislature to practice medicine. She was also well known as a supporter of temperance, and of womens right to vote. It was during her ownership of the house that the butlers pantry, silver sink, dumbwaiter, and electric call buttons were installed in the house.</p><br>
<p>A later owner of the house was Hannibal Emery Hamlin, the son of United States Vice President Hannibal Hamlin. He served as Maine Attorney General 1905-1908, and also in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>Alton Lennon Federal Building and Courthouse, also known as the Customs House, is a historic Federal building and courthouse located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. It was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore and built between 1916 and 1919. It is an imposing three-story, Classical Revival style light sandstone building. It consists of a central mass with balanced projecting wings having engaged pedimented porticos. The design of the front facade of the earlier 1840s customs house is incorporated into the projecting wings to the cast iron details. The building measures 332 feet by 113 feet. The building was named for USA Congressman and Senator Alton Lennon  in 1976. It was used as the outside of the courthouse on seasons 7-9 of Andy Griffith&#39;s TV series Matlock.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Wilmington Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Country Life Building facade is a heritage-listed facade of a former warehouse at 424-426 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1888 to 1889 by George Gazzard. It is also known as Hill&#39;s Buildings. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Queensland Country Life Building was constructed in 1888-89 as a speculative venture for influential Queensland pastoralists, politicians, company directors and businessmen, Charles Lumley Hill and John Stevenson. Known originally as Hill&#39;s Buildings, this group of four warehouses was sited opposite the Customs House and close to the municipal wharves at Petrie Bight, and was designed to attract shipping companies, merchants, warehousemen, bond storekeepers, insurance companies and others as tenants. Together with the Customs House, the building was constructed during a building boom which saw a number of notable public and commercial buildings erected in Brisbane during the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The present Customs House was constructed between 1886 and 1889, replacing a smaller building erected in 1850. The site for the Customs House was chosen in 1849 after considerable discussion as to the most suitable location. At the time, shipping activity was centred on the South Brisbane Reach, and the decision to locate the Customs House at the northern end of the Town Reach acted as an impetus for the development of wharves on this part of the river, and warehouses in the immediate vicinity. The earlier building became increasingly inadequate as Brisbane developed as the major port in the colony, and in 1884 the Queensland Government decided to construct a new Customs House.</p><br>
<p>The growing importance of this part of the city is further reflected in the construction of the Eagle Street Fountain (also known as the Mooney Memorial Fountain) between 1878 and 1880 as part of measures to enhance the visual character of the area.</p><br>
<p>The warehouses were constructed as a four-storeyed masonry building divided into four bays, with individual entrances, and were erected in two consecutive stages. Part of the site was transferred to Hill in August 1881, part also to Hill in January 1888, and the remainder to Stevenson in October 1888. In January 1888, established Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, acting for Charles Lumley Hill, invited expressions of interest from prospective tenants in new business premises to be erected opposite the Customs House, with a frontage of 51 feet to Queen Street. He indicated that no expense was to be spared in either design or utility. In March 1888, Gailey called tenders, again on Lumley Hills behalf, for the construction of two warehouses at Petrie Bight. A contract for the two warehouses was let in April to George Gazzard, who tendered with a price of £8,900. Gailey and Gazzard had collaborated on a number of major Brisbane projects in the 1880s, including the Regatta Hotel (1886), Treasury Chambers (1886–87), and Brisbane Girls Grammar School. In July 1888, Gailey called tenders for the construction of another two warehouses at Petries Bight, and the successful tenderer was again George Gazzard, with a price of £8,444.</p><br>
<p>The warehouses were completed toward the end of the boom decade, and proved slow to let. One of the first tenants was Taylor, Enoch & Co., wholesale boot importers, who occupied the northern warehouse. The other three warehouses were listed as vacant in the 1891 Brisbane Post Office Directory, but RL Armour, warehousemen and importers of general drapery and fancy goods, had moved to the building by 1892. WJ Weatherill, consular agent for the United States of America, importer, and manager of the Queensland Post Office Directory, occupied offices in Hill&#39;s Buildings during the second half of the 1890s. The shipping line William Howard Smith and Sons later occupied offices in the building. Edward Butler and Sons (initially Edward Butler & Frederick Rathbone), importers of wholesale saddlery, leased part of the building from January 1899 until 1948, when Edward Butler & Co purchased the warehouse they were leasing.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Stevensons part of the property passed to the Australian Mutual Provident Society, as mortgagee. Lumley Hill died in 1909, and his widow sold her interest in this property in 1911. There followed a variety of owners and lessees of the four warehouses, but the two most closely associated with the building in the second half of the 19th century were the United Graziers Association and the Queensland Country Life newspaper. In late 1955, Queensland Country Life announced that it was moving to ground floor premises in the United Graziers Association building at 432 Queen Street. In 1964 the trustees of the United Graziers Association of Queensland, Union of Employers, purchased part of the site, and in 1977 this was transferred to Queensland Country Life Newspaper Pty Ltd. In 1973 the northern warehouse was sold and subsequently demolished for the construction of an adjoining highrise. The existing facade was retained when the remainder of the building was demolished in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The facade stood with minimal support on an empty site for many years until it was incorporated into the development of the Aurora Tower, then the tallest residential tower in Brisbane, built between 2003-2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The existing main facade comprises three identical bays. The northern matching bay and the remainder of the building have been demolished. The facade is lavishly decorated with Victorian Italianate detail executed in rendered brickwork, on the upper three of its four storeys.</p><br>
<p>The three remaining bays are identical in elevation. At street level all the original detailing has been removed, except for the large curved pediments above each entry. The first and second floors are linked by giant order Corinthian pilasters which support a highly moulded frieze and cornice. The central pilasters of each bay have a pediment, which rises above the cornice. On the top floor the line of the large lower pilasters is continued by smaller paired pilasters. The bays of the building at parapet level are divided by pedestals supporting urns. Each bay has a central semi-circular pediment containing the date A.D. 1888 in raised lettering, and is topped by a small finial which completes a striking silhouette.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Queensland Country Life Building facade was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The facade of the former Queensland Country Life Building dates from 1888–89, and together with the Customs House opposite, is one of the few structures which provide evidence of the official entrance to the former Port of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>As a remnant of a commercial warehouse, the facade provides important evidence of the development of the Town Reach area as an important commercial warehousing district.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It survives as an example of the work of architect Richard Gailey, whose firm was responsible for many of the ornamental boom-era commercial buildings of the 1880s, which defined Brisbane&#39;s image as a late-Victorian city until well into the middle of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The facade makes a strong contribution to the streetscape as an important element near the intersection of Queen and Wharf Street, and as a complement in scale and style to the Customs House opposite.</p><br>
<p>The Power Farmstead is a historic farm located on County Road 9500N east of Cantrall, Illinois. George Power, a prominent early settler of northern Sangamon County, established the farm in the 1820s. The farm includes an intact collection of buildings which represent typical 19th-century farm life. In addition, the original farmhouse served as a local courthouse, as Power was Sangamon County&#39;s justice of the peace for two decades; Abraham Lincoln argued his first case in the courthouse. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The farm includes thirteen buildings, eleven of which are contributing buildings, and five other contributing resources. Powers original farmhouse, which also served as a local courthouse, is the farms oldest building; built in 1929, it was the first frame building in the county north of the Sangamon River. A new main farmhouse with a detached kitchen was built circa 1840-1850; this farmhouse is still the farms main building. The 1845 wooden stable is the oldest non-residence building on the farm. Three other large 19th-century buildings remain on the farm: the main barn, caretakers cottage, and scales house. Significant outbuildings include the wood house, smoke house, ice house, gas generator house, privy, pergola, and corn crib. A family cemetery is located to the southeast of the main farmhouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Power, originally a Kentucky resident, moved to Sangamon County in 1821; he settled on his farms land the same year, building a temporary log cabin to live in. Power was one of the first settlers in the county, which allowed him to buy enough farmland to establish one of its largest farms. He also played an important role in its justice system, as he served as Sangamon Countys justice of the peace from 1828 to 1847. When the farms original farmhouse was completed in 1829, it also became Powers courthouse. As circuit courts only met biannually at the time, Power heard hundreds of the countys important cases in his farmhouse, including the first case argued by Abraham Lincoln. After Powers death in 1886, his son James inherited the farm; the property remains in the Power family.</p><br>
<p>The Brunk Farmstead is a historic farm located on KOA Campground Road 1 mi south of East Lake Drive near Rochester, Illinois. George Brunk, an early settler of Sangamon County, established the farm in the 1820s; the farm is one of the few surviving properties from the county&#39;s early settlement. The farmhouse was built as a one-story stone structure circa 1829; its second story was added in the 1850s, giving it an I-house plan. While the house originally had a mainly Federal design, it was later updated with Greek Revival and Italianate influences. The original horse barn, the other historically significant building on the property, is a three-bay English barn built in the late 1820s.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Masonboro Sound Historic District is a national historic district located near Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 22 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 8 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object near Wilmington. The district developed during the 19th and early-20th century and includes notable examples of Italian Renaissance and Colonial Revival style architecture. There are 10 contributing dwellings and 13 contributing outbuildings. Notable dwellings include the Carr-Ormand House , Willard-Sprunt-Woolvin House , Cazaux-Williams-Crow House , Parsley-Love House , Live Oaks , Taylor-Bissinger House , the "Doll House" , and Hill-Anderson Cottage .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 467 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Wilmington. The district developed as six interrelated early-20th century subdivisions between about 1914 and 1956 and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include St. Matthew’s Evangelical Lutheran Church , Central Church of Christ , Saint Mark Freewill Baptist Church , the Mills Store , “English Cottage Style” former Pure Oil station , and Art Moderne style Traveler’s Service Station #3 .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Carolina Heights Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 421 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in a predominantly residential section of Wilmington. The district developed as planned suburban areas between about 1908 and 1950 and includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Classical Revival, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include the New Hanover High School , the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church , First Church of Christ, Scientist , Sinclair Service Station , and Yopp Funeral Home .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, with a boundary increase in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Wilmington Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 875 contributing buildings 38 contributing sites, and 3 contributing structures in the historic core and surrounding residential sections of Wilmington. The district developed after Wilmington was laid out in 1737, and includes notable examples of Queen Anne and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed City Hall/Thalian Hall and Alton Lennon Federal Building and Courthouse. Other notable buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Smith-Anderson House (c. 1745)</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Masonic Lodge (1803)</p><br>
<p>Burgwin-Wright House and Gardens (1771)</p><br>
<p>DuBois-Boatwright House</p><br>
<p>George Cameron House (c. 1800)</p><br>
<p>DeRosset House (c. 1845)</p><br>
<p>Bellamy Mansion (1859)</p><br>
<p>Edward Latimer House (1882)</p><br>
<p>Burrus House (1880s)</p><br>
<p>McKoy House (1887)</p><br>
<p>Victoria Theatre (1915)</p><br>
<p>Cape Fear Hotel (1923-1925)</p><br>
<p>St. James Episcopal Church (begun 1839) designed by Thomas U. Walter</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Roman Catholic Church (1846)</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church (1859-1870) designed by Samuel Sloan</p><br>
<p>Temple of Israel (1875)</p><br>
<p>New Hanover County Courthouse (1892)</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church (1912).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, with a boundary increase in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Sangerville Town Hall is located at 1 Town Hall Lane  in the village center of Sangerville, Maine. Built in 1902, it is one of the rural community&#39;s most sophisticated architectural buildings. It was designed and built by a local contractor, and has well-proportioned Colonial Revival features. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Sangerville Town Hall is set facing east on the west side of South Main Street (Maine State Route 23) in Sangerville&#39;s village center, a short way south of the Piscataquis River. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a dormered slate hip roof, weatherboard siding, and a granite foundation. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the center entrance sheltered by a portico that is supported by thin square posts and features an elaborately decorated entablature. The entry itself consists of a double door set in a wide arch, flanked by arched Queen Anne-style windows with colored panes. Above the entry on the second level are a grouping of three sash windows, with a Palladian window at the third level. The side bays have single sash windows at the ground level and doubled sash windows above, joined between levels by a paneled course. The north elevation repeats the window patterns of the flanking bays, with a side entrance occupying the fourth bay (of five), which faces the parking lot. The south elevation repeats the window plan of the upper levels of the north side, but has two entrances on the ground level, flanked by either single or paired sash windows. The rear of the building originally housed a wide entrance for fire equipment; this has been closed off.</p><br>
<p>The interior houses municipal offices and the library on the ground floor, and a large performance space on the upper levels, which include a third-floor gallery level. The rear of the building was built to house a fire truck and hearse; the library later expanded into this space.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed and built in 1901-02 by C. L. Smith, a local contractor about whom little is known. It was built during a period of prosperity brought about by the construction of several woolen mills in the town, and is one of several buildings of architectural sophistication built in the town during that period.</p><br>
<p>Jesup Memorial Library is the public library of Bar Harbor, Maine. It is located in an architecturally distinguished Colonial Revival building at 34 Mount Desert Street in the town&#39;s main village. The building was built in 1910-11, donated to the community by Mrs. Morris K. Jesup in memory of her late husband, both of them longtime summer residents of the area, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jesup Library is set on the south side of Mount Desert Street (Maine State Route 3), about one block west of Bar Harbor&#39;s village green. It is a single-story brick building, with a slate hip roof. Its front facade is five bays wide, with a centered entrance recessed in a limestone arch flanked by paired pilasters, and a medallion above the doorway depicting an open book. The flanking bays have sash windows topped by rounded limestone panels with bullseye insets. The roof cornice is modillioned, and a pair of chimneys rise from the interior. The windows on the sides have a similar treatment to those on the front. An ell extends from the center of the rear, giving the building a T shape.</p><br>
<p>Bar Harbors first library was organized by summer residents in 1875, and was at first a very small affair, operating out of peoples homes before a small library building was built in 1877. By the early 1900s the library collection had grown to more than 8,000 volumes. Mrs. Morris K. Jesup, a longtime Bar Harbor summer resident, funded the $70,000 to build this building, and gave a $50,000 endowment for its maintenance. It was designed by the New York City firm of Delano and Aldrich and built in 1910-11.</p><br>
<p>Conic Hill  is a prominent hill in Stirling, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>It is on the east bank of Loch Lomond, beside the village of Balmaha. It is a sharp little summit which is on the Highland Boundary Fault. There is a tiny cairn at the top.</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>From the top, it offers great views over Loch Lomond and towards Glasgow. On a clear day it is even possible to see Goat Fell on the Isle of Arran, which is about 50 miles (80 km) to the south west. In addition, the rounded outline of Ailsa Craig in the Clyde Estuary is sometimes visible.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>It is accessible for walking, and forms part of the West Highland Way. During the lambing season, dogs are not allowed in the two enclosed fields on the east approach to Conic Hill, even if they are on a lead. The season normally lasts for around three weeks at the end of April and early May. However, this does not affect access with a dog to Conic Hill from the Balmaha direction.</p><br>
<p>The hill is accessible by public transport, with buses and ferries arriving in Balmaha. There is also a car park at the base, allowing those with own vehicles a place to park before climbing the hill.</p><br>
<p>In August 2013, 8 members of Deafblind Scotland ascended the hill with help from rangers and guides.</p><br>
<p>Located Glenelg, Maryland in Howard County, Maryland, United States, Howard County Hunt Club.</p><br>
<p>The property was part of 148 acres of land grants "Dorseys Grove" and "Benjamins Addition" owned by Billingslea purchased by John W.H. Cullam of Baltimore in 1858 while slavery was still in wide use in the area. It was later considered located in the town of Isaacsville, Maryland. In 1882 it was owned by Joeseph Hobbs Peddicord and resold to Nicholas A Selby. Selby sold off 103 acres to Louis A and Helen Lambert. In 1897 the land was sold again to Josephine B. and Issac H. Iglehart. William T. Iglehart purchased the property in 1900.</p><br>
<p>A wood framed, L-shaped house was built onsite. The Howard County Hunt Club relocated from the Burliegh Manor tennant house and purchased the historic house and 102 acre grounds in 1931 for Fox hunting, meetings, operations, kennels and horse ring. A three by four bay wooden barn was also onsite. A Corn crib was lost to fire in the 1970s. The club relocated in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Howard County Public School System demolished the historic residence to construct Tridelphia Ridge Elementary school and adjacent Folly Quarter Middle School.</p><br>
<p>Cima Bocche  is a mountain of the Dolomites in Trentino, Italy. It is the highest peak of a small group that is located between the San Pellegrino Pass and the Predazzo valley. The mountain boasts a vertical 400m north face, whereas its southern slopes are far more gentle, making it an easy climb from this direction. Despite being geographically part of the Dolomites, the mountain is not geologically part of the range, as it is formed of Porphyry rather than Dolomite.</p><br>
<h2>World War I</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was on the Italian Front during the Great War due to its strategically important position with views towards the San Pellegrino Pass and the Valles Pass. An old fort still stands on the summit and trenches and support ropes can still be found on its slopes.</p><br>
<p>National Mutual Life Building is a heritage-listed office building at 299 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Gibbs, Finlay & Morsby in conjunction with Thomas Blair Moncrieff Wightman and was built in 1926 by J L Green & Sons. It is also known as Metway Chambers and Custom Credit House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>National Mutual Life Building was constructed in 1926. Part of this site was purchased by the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia in January 1883 for the association&#39;s headquarters. Title to the adjoining allotment was acquired by the association in July 1920. National Mutual Life proposed the reconstruction of its central offices on the site in 1925. Other contemporaneous redevelopments near the site included the Commonwealth Bank (1929), Colonial Mutual Life (1930–31) and the AMP building (1930–34).</p><br>
<p>Designed by Melbourne architects Gibbs, Finlay and Morsby, in conjunction with Thomas Blair Moncrieff Wightman, Brisbane, the new seven storey building provided 114 offices, a basement and caretaker&#39;s quarters on the roof. The tender of JL Green and Sons, contractors, was accepted in January 1926, the former offices were demolished in February and construction began.</p><br>
<p>National Mutual Life occupied the building until 1981 when the property was sold to Havelah Investments. In 1982 Comord Pty Ltd purchased the building and the following year $4 million was spent on refurbishment. Since 1987 the building has been leased by Custom Credit and in 1988 Suncorp Insurance bought the property.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This inter-war commercial building is seven storeys in height with a basement and a caretakers office as an attic level. It is a stone faced building on a reinforced concrete structure. The scale and form of the building and the colour of its stonework complements nearby buildings on this side of Queen Street.</p><br>
<p>It has a bronze faced suspended awning and bronze panels separating the windows of the end bays, from the second floor upwards. These end window bays project slightly from the rest of the building and have plain, flanking giant order pilasters. The three central bays of windows are more closely spaced. At their second floor level they extend to the floor and have a projecting balcony that is supported on brackets. This has a wrought iron railing of a diamond shape pattern between balusters of the same material.</p><br>
<p>The stone facing of the first floor level has banded rustication and visually forms a plinth to the upper levels. The windows of the three central bays are separated by decorative stone panels in the same pattern as the bronze panels of the outer bays. An elaborate cornice appears at the top of the facade. The raised sections of parapet above the end bays each have three small bronze acroteria.</p><br>
<p>Two flag poles are situated between these raised sections. The caretakers quarters are set back behind this at roof level. The visible portion of the north-eastern elevation has some window openings, but its surface has been rendered and painted. The windows of the front facade are still the original pattern with crossed diagonal glazing bars in their upper portion with four vertical panes below. The shopfronts below the street awning are not original.</p><br>
<p>Internally the ground floor lobby and lifts have been refurbished. The original main stair remains but has been enclosed as a fire stair and now exits to the footpath. All floors now have suspended ceilings and partitioning. The original caretaker&#39;s quarters is now used as office space and opens to a small roof terrace behind the parapet.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>National Mutual Life Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the 1925/35 redevelopment of this financial sector of Queen Street.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an inter-war commercial building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular:</p><br>
<p>as a fine example of an interwar commercial building reflecting the dignity and solidity of a financial institution</p><br>
<p>the building&#39;s contribution to the visual cohesiveness of this portion of Queen Street</p><br>
<p>Coronation Drive Retaining Wall is a heritage-listed embankment at Coronation Drive, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was formerly known as the North Quay retaining wall. It was designed by Thomas Kirk and built from 1887 to 1887 by George E Willcocks. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In late January 1887 Brisbane experienced severe storms which resulted in flash flooding and damage throughout the city. A couple of weeks after the floods, sections of the river bank and road along North Quay fell into the Brisbane River. An existing embankment and "dry stone wall" had been undercut and collapsed. The Brisbane Municipal Council was advised by their Chief Engineer, Thomas Kirk, of several options for dealing with the problem. The council decided on the most permanent solution - to construct a mass concrete retaining wall at an approximate cost of £13,000.</p><br>
<p>Kirks choice of concrete rather than masonry work was quite adventurous, as mass concrete technology was new to Australia. Kirk prepared the designs and the contract was awarded to George E Willcocks. Work began in May and the actual construction time was shorter than even Willcocks optimistic estimate - the road was opened four months later. One of the most challenging tasks in the construction involved massive excavations, the deepest being for a huge coffer dam which kept the river waters out of the site. The men preparing the foundations many feet below the low tide mark worked behind this dam with the full force of the water bearing on the other side.</p><br>
<p>G E Willcocks had been involved in railway construction in South Africa in the early 1880s. After hearing of the Queensland government&#39;s plan to borrow £10,000,000 for an expanded railway construction programme, he migrated to Australia in 1885. In 1886, he began a long career in municipal and government works by winning a contract for building a storm water drainage system in South Brisbane and Kangaroo Point. Other public works followed - Stratton Drain, the Ann Street wall, the North Quay (now Coronation Drive) wall, extensive railway works in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales and the wood blocking of Queen and George Streets.</p><br>
<p>The stone cappings which were on the piers have been replaced with bricks. A section of the western end of the wall was moved in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A mass concrete wall topped by a brick parapet wall and wrought iron railing which extends for a length of about 200 metres along the northern river bank between Boomerang Street and Eagle Terrace. It is built into bedrock at depths varying from 3 to 8 metres. The wall, which is almost 1 metre thick at ground level extends by a series of gradations to thicknesses between 1.2 and 2.4 metres at the base. The view of the wall from the road reveals only the brick piers and decorative wrought iron railings of the parapet wall. At either end of the wall are marble plaques inscribed with the words "James Hipwood Mayor 1887". Beneath the parapet wall the concrete retaining wall is visible from the bike path and from the river.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Coronation Drive retaining wall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1887, the Coronation Drive retaining wall is as an early example in Queensland of mass concrete technology and is a major engineering achievement of the period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1887, the Coronation Drive retaining wall is as an early example in Queensland of mass concrete technology and is a major engineering achievement of the period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1887, the Coronation Drive retaining wall is as an early example in Queensland of mass concrete technology and is a major engineering achievement of the period.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The retaining wall is as an example of the work of George E Willcocks, a contractor who was responsible for a number of large public projects.</p><br>
<p>Petrie Bight Retaining Wall is a heritage-listed embankment at 443-501 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1881 to 1882 by Henry Patten. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This retaining wall was built in 1881-82 for the Brisbane Municipal Council. The contractor for the project was Henry Patten and the cast iron balustrading was manufactured locally by Smith Forrester & Co.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, after the Council purchased Kennedy Wharf (just downstream on the Petrie Bight of the Brisbane River from the present Customs House), they obtained a loan of £7000 to build the retaining wall and extend Kennedy Wharf to Macrossan Street. Besides providing more working space behind the wharves, the wall marked the recently widened alignment of Queen Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1887 the City Engineer reported that the wall was out of plumb by 9 inches (23 cm) in 100 yards (91.4 metres). In consequence, the wall was stabilised by the addition of eight engaged buttresses.</p><br>
<p>Use of the Petrie Bight area changed after the 1940s when downstream shipping facilities were established, and the area below the retaining wall became available for development. One such development saw the establishment of a landscaped recreation area beside a car park.</p><br>
<p>Recent alterations since 1988 have seen about 20 metres of the wall dismantled and reconstructed on a new alignment. The parapet has been breached in three places with openings ranging from 5 to 8 metres wide. One of the openings now houses a reinforced concrete stairway which leads to a five storey building erected on the river side of the wall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This 150 m, parapeted retaining wall, ranging in height from 5 to 9 metres, is built of Brisbane tuff. The blocks are laid in courses and surmounted by a detailed cast-iron railing which incorporates one of the two original lamp standards and terminates in a sandstone endpost at the Customs House end of the wall. At the northern end of the wall, eight engaged buttresses, added only a few years after construction of the wall, afford further support.</p><br>
<p>The arches provide rhythm to the mass of the wall while the finely detailed balustrade adds an effect of light and space. The distinctive pinks, greens and browns of the Brisbane tuff contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the wall.</p><br>
<p>As the wall was backfilled with rock to the present level of Queen Street, only the parapet and railing are visible from the street. From the river side, however, the wall with its varying depths and distinctive arches and supporting pilasters is clearly visible.</p><br>
<p>The wall is largely intact despite several modifications.</p><br>
<p>The wall appears in an Orient Line postcard of 1895 painted by Arthur Henry Fullwood. Its appearance there does not seem to accord exactly with its history. The buttresses seem to be omitted and reflection in water is suggested.</p><br>
<p>The wall is shown also in a 1905 postcard photo.</p><br>
<p>The tuff retaining wall in nearby Arch Lane to the north is not part of the Petrie Bight retaining wall. The Arch Lane wall was built by the Brisbane Gas Company in 1883. Arch Lane was developed in 1920.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Petrie Bight Retaining Wall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Petrie Bight Retaining Wall is important in illustrating the development of Brisbanes road and wharf facilities by the Brisbane Municipal Council in the late 19th century. Construction of the wall was associated closely with municipal acquisition of Kennedy Wharf, and reflects the Councils developing role in providing improved transportation facilities in Brisbane. It survives as an example of a major engineering project undertaken by the Brisbane Municipal Council in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Petrie Bight Retaining Wall is also a fine example of a late 19th century stone retaining wall, and is important in illustrating its type. It has aesthetic significance in the contribution of its scale and texture to the Brisbane riverscape, and the cast-iron work remains an example of the decorative work of important Brisbane ironfounders Smith Forrester & Co.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It has aesthetic significance in the contribution of its scale and texture to the Brisbane riverscape, and the cast-iron work remains an example of the decorative work of important Brisbane ironfounders Smith Forrester & Co.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Petrie Bight Retaining Wall is important in illustrating the development of Brisbanes road and wharf facilities by the Brisbane Municipal Council in the late 19th century. Construction of the wall was associated closely with municipal acquisition of Kennedy Wharf, and reflects the Councils developing role in providing improved transportation facilities in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>James Walker Nursing School Quarters, also known as New Hanover County Dept. of Social Services Building, is a historic dormitory located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The original was built in 1921, and is a four-story, brick veneered, reinforced concrete building with Colonial Revival and Classical Revival style design elements. Additions were made to the original building in 1926, 1937, 1945, and 1968. The building once featured two porticoes, but they were removed after 1966. The building functioned as</p><br>
<p>the nurses quarters of the James Walker Nursing School until 1967 when the associated hospital closed. The Quarters is the only building surviving from this medical complex.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Falcon Joslin House is a historic house at 413 Cowles Street in Fairbanks, Alaska. Built in 1904, this American Foursquare two-story frame house is the oldest house in Fairbanks set at its original location, and was one of the first frame houses built in what was then a mining camp. The house was built by Falcon Joslin, a Tennessee lawyer who came to Fairbanks and financed construction of the railroad connection to Chena, the head of navigation on the Tanana River. Joslin&#39;s railroad ensured the economic success of Fairbanks, which was then competing with Chena as a supply center for miners in the region. In 1930 the house was purchased by Fairbanks Exploration Company, which used it as housing for executives and employees until 1960.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Phineas Heywood House is a historic house at 343 Maine Street in the center of Bucksport, Maine. Built c. 1824, it is one of the finest Federal style brick houses in the region, and was probably the first brick building erected in Bucksport and its surrounding towns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Heywood House is set facing south on the north side of Maine Street, overlooking the Penobscot River. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a side gable roof, four end chimneys, and a dressed granite foundation. The main facade is five bays wide, its windows featuring splayed sills and lintels. The main entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by fanlight window. Both sides of the roof feature a monitor-style dormer. A wood frame addition extends to the rear of the main block. The main blocks brick is laid in Flemish bond on the front, and English bond on the sides. The front facades brick is of uniformly high quality.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of the house was given in an early history of Bucksport as 1824, an approximate date supported by its construction style. It was built by a local harness-maker, and remained in the Heywood family until the mid-20th century. The house is the finest Federal style brick house in the lower Penobscot River valley, exceeding in decoration examples in Bangor, Castine, and another house in Bucksport.</p><br>
<p>The Railroad Cottage is a historic house at 208 North Rust Street in Gentry, Arkansas. It is a small single-story L-shaped wood frame house with Folk Victorian styling, including a reconstructed jigsawn balustrade and turned porch posts. The house was built c. 1900, and is one of the best-preserved small houses built at the time to support an influx of people working in the fruit and railroad industries. Buried under a series of 20th-century alterations, the core of the house was discovered when demolition of the building began in 1997, and has been carefully restored as best architectural preservation practices could determine its original appearance to be.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Otts Assay Office is a historic assay office located at 130 Main Street in Nevada City, California. The building was constructed in 1851 as a drug store; James J. Ott opened his assay office in the back of the store in 1857. In 1859, Ott assayed a sample of silver ore discovered in the Washoe Country; this ore marked the discovery of the Comstock Lode, and the resulting silver rush eventually led to Nevadas statehood and several advancements in mining technology. The silver rush also gave Ott a reputation as a quality assayer; he ran his office until his death in 1907, and his son continued the business until 1955.</p><br>
<p>The adjoining building, which shares a common wall and is often considered part of the same building, was built in 1855. It served as the offices of the South Yuba Canal Company, which was formed in 1851 to bring water to the gold mines north of Nevada City. The company owned the oldest mining ditches in California, and it was the first in the United States to provide water to gravel mining operations. By 1855, it had become California&#39;s largest ditch company.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Lacey Street Theatre building, now hosting the Fairbanks Ice Museum, is an Art Deco architectural showpiece theatre located at 500 Second Avenue in Fairbanks, Alaska. It was designed by noted theatre designer B. Marcus Priteca, and built in 1939 by C.W. Hufeisen for Austin E. "Cap" Lathrop. It was one of a chain of movie theaters built by Lathrop across Alaska, and was one of only two in Fairbanks into the 1960s. It closed in 1981, and was repurposed to house the museum in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The actual museum, devoted to the display of ice sculpture, offers a daily multimedia presentations, demonstrations of ice carving, and tours of its sculpture collection.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. John the Baptist is an historic church building located in Burlington, Iowa, United States. Together with St. Pauls Church in Burlington and St Marys Church in West Burlington it forms Divine Mercy parish, which is a part of the Diocese of Davenport. The parish maintains the former parish church buildings as worship sites. St. John&#39;s was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist parish was started in 1852 to serve the town’s growing German community. Father Reffe, who had previously been at St Paul’s, was assigned as St. John’s first pastor. A church was finished by 1856 when there were forty to fifty families in the parish. They were part of the large number of German immigrants who settled in Burlington in the 1840s and 1850s. A school building was completed the following year and the School Sisters of Notre Dame served as teachers. St. Johns Academy was completed in 1875. By 1879 the parish had grown to 200 families, and by 1888 it had 2,000 individual members. Its growth reflected that by the 1880s 60% of Burlingtons population were ethnic Germans.</p><br>
<p>In 1876 Bishop John Hennessey of Dubuque gave the pastoral care of the parish to the Jesuits. They were later followed by Benedictines from St. Benedict’s Abbey in Atchison, Kansas. Priests from the Davenport Diocese, which the parish became a part of in 1881, started serving the parish in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The first merger of the Catholic Community in Burlington happened in the parochial schools. Both St. John’s and St. Paul’s operated parish-based high schools. Those separate operations merged in 1958 with the opening of Notre Dame High School on the city’s west side. The two parishes continued to operate their own grade schools until the late 1970s when they were consolidated. St. Paul’s School was the site for kindergarten through 4th Grade and St. John’s housed grades five through eight. The school at Burlington’s third parish, St. Patrick’s, and the school at St. Mary’s in West Burlington had both closed in 1969. In the 1990s a fund drive was held and a new grade school wing was added at Notre Dame. St. John&#39;s School was torn down to make room for more parking.</p><br>
<p>The number of clergy in the Davenport Diocese has declined steadily since the 1960s. Demographics and religious practice in the Burlington Community also changed. Bishop Gerald O’Keefe announced a plan in 1991 to consolidate parishes throughout the diocese, and the parishes in Burlington were part of that plan. In 1998 St. John’s and St. Paul’s were consolidated under the leadership of the Rev. John Hyland, who had been the pastor of both parishes. The new parish name was a combination of the two parishes: Saints John and Paul. St. Patrick’s and St. Mary&#39;s consolidated at the same time to form their own parish. In 2017 Saints John and Paul parish and St. Mary and St. Patrick parish merged to form Divine Mercy parish.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The current St. John’s Church was built between 1883 and 1885. It was designed by Chicago architect Johann Dillenburg in the Gothic Revival style. The structure is built on a high basement of rough-hewn stone and the exterior walls are composed of brick. The gable roof is covered with slate. The church measures 160 by. The exterior features a tall central tower with two smaller towers flanking it on either side of the facade. The tallest tower rises 168 ft. Lights were put on the church’s tower in 2010. There are three entrances across the front of the building. Above each of the entrances is a lancet window. The side elevation of the church is seven bays wide. Each bay is divided by a three-stepped wall buttress. There is a paired lancet window in each bay that is set within an indented rectangular panel. Across the top of each panel is a course of dentils. A rounded apse dominates the rear of the church. The church was built at the top of a high bluff south of the downtown area, which gives the structure prominence.</p><br>
<p>The interior is divided into three naves, which are divided by pillars. A tall wooden high altar fills the apse of the church. It was installed in 1893. A Eucharistic Chapel was constructed in the left side sacristy in the 1990s. An arched doorway was cut into the sanctuary wall leading to the chapel and allowing it to be visible from the main body of the church. All of the windows are filled with stained glass.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Catholic Church is an historic church building located in Burlington, Iowa, United States. Together with the Church of St. John the Baptist in Burlington and St Marys Church in West Burlington it forms Divine Mercy parish, which is a part of the Diocese of Davenport. The parish maintains the former parish church buildings as worship sites. St. Pauls Church and the rectory are contributing properties in the Heritage Hill Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places. St. Pauls School was also a contributing property in the historic district, but it has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>With the establishment of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 the town of Burlington was chosen as one of the temporary capitals of the territory. With the establishment of the Iowa Territory in 1838, the town became its first capital. Bishop Mathias Loras and the Rev. Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, OP, recognized the importance of the community. There were, however, few Catholics in the area when Mazzuchelli was dispatched to Burlington to buy land in 1839 and establish St. Paul’s Church. A small brick church building was constructed 1840-1841. The building was leased to the territorial legislature for 60 days for their use. As a way to strengthen Catholicism in the area Loras chose St. Paul’s as the location for the ordination of the Rev. Anthony Godfert, whom Loras recruited from France. It was also to Burlington that Loras fled when tempers flared between the Irish and German Catholics of Dubuque. He sent St. Paul’s pastor, the Rev. John Healy—an Irish immigrant himself, to calm tensions, which he could not do.</p><br>
<p>The Burlington area was served regularly by a visiting priest after Loras left town, especially the Rev. J.A.M. Pelamourgues of St. Anthony’s in Davenport. The Rev.John Alleman, arrived in 1847. The town by then had become a hotbed for anti-Catholic, anti-clerical and nativist thinking. Many of the people who harbored these beliefs had moved to Burlington from the eastern United States where such thinking was rampant. Alleman stayed a couple of years until the arrival of the Rev. George Reffe, who started Burlingtons first parochial school in St. Pauls church basement in 1849. The Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary started teaching at St. Paul’s in 1859.</p><br>
<p>The first merger of the Catholic Community in Burlington happened in the parochial schools. Both St. Paul’s and St. John’s operated parish-based high schools. Those separate operations merged in 1958 with the opening of Notre Dame High School on the city’s west side. The two parishes continued to operate their own grade schools until 1975 when they were consolidated. St. Paul’s School was the site for kindergarten through 4th Grade and St. John’s housed grades five through eight. The school at Burlington’s third parish, St. Patrick’s, and the school at St. Mary’s in West Burlington had both closed in 1969. In the 1990s a fund drive was held and a new grade school wing was added at Notre Dame. St. John&#39;s School was torn down to make room for more parking.</p><br>
<p>The number of clergy in the Davenport Diocese has declined steadily since the 1960s. Demographics and religious practice in the Burlington Community also changed. Bishop Gerald O’Keefe announced a plan in 1991 to consolidate parishes throughout the diocese, and the parishes in Burlington were part of that plan. In 1998 St. Paul’s and St. John’s were consolidated under the leadership of the Rev. John Hyland, who had been the pastor at both parishes since 1996. The new parish name was a combination of the two parishes: Saints John and Paul. St. Patrick’s and St. Mary&#39;s consolidated at the same time to form their own parish. In 2017 Saints John and Paul parish and St. Mary and St. Patrick parish merged to form Divine Mercy parish.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Church was designed by Chicago architect James J. Egan in the High Victorian Gothic Revival style. At the same time he designed Sacred Heart Cathedral in Davenport, and St. Ambrose Cathedral in Des Moines. All three churches, while distinct, have many of the same features. St. Paul’s was built by John Loftus and completed in 1895. It is constructed of Bedford limestone and the exterior features a corner tower on the right side of the facade that rises to 100 ft. The church is located on a corner lot at the top of an embankment, which gives it prominence. The side bays of the church are separated by prominent buttresses. Three gables break up the roofline on the side elevations. The interior is a large open expanse without pillars. It was damaged by a fire in 1946 and the interior had to be gutted. A large stained glass window featuring St. Paul is above the altar, and a pipe organ is located in the gallery in the back.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Rectory, which is located next door to the church, was designed by Egan & Prindeville. Built between 1902 and 1904 in the Georgian Revival style, it is a two-story house that features a steeply pitched, multiple hipped roof covered in slate. Small dormers are located on all sides of the roof and modillion blocks are located under the eaves. Tall, stone chimneys rise above the roofline. The exterior is covered with smooth faced, coursed ashlar that alternates with a narrow course of rusticated ashlar. The structure is basically rectangular in shape, however the north half of the main facade projects slightly from the rest of the house. The balustraded front porch is supported by three plain columns. A columned porch on the southeast corner of the house has been screened-in. A modern addition was added to the back of the house and extends the length of the back porch.</p><br>
<p>Mason–Hardee–Capel House is a historic home located near Garysburg, Northampton County, North Carolina. It was built about 1775, as a one-story-with-attic, hall-parlor plan, Georgian style frame dwelling. It has a gable roof and features massive gable-end brick chimneys. About 1840, a formerly detached 1 1/2-story kitchen was attached to the west gable end.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold by Daniel Mason and his wife, Dorothy to William Hardee in 1813 for the sum of $2,500. The house belonged to Daniels father, a fact which is noted in the Bible belonging to Lawrence S. Mason and his wife, Sarah Gray Hyde: "On page printed Births&#39;--"L.S. Mason, son of Daniel Mason and Dorothy L.S. Mason was born on the 8th of October 1809 at his grandfather’s 5 miles from Northampton Court House in Northampton Cty, North Carolina.”</p><br>
<p>Lawrence Mason and Sarah Hyde married in 1833, and he died two years later. His widow later married Thomas Jefferson Jennings at Nacogdoches, Texas. Jennings was Attorney General for Texas from 1852-1856 and the Tarrant County, Texas Archives are home to the Samuel Alexander Denny/Jennings Family Collection, which includes the Bible of Lawrence S. Mason.</p><br>
